scholarly journals The impact of culture on mindreading

Synthese ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Suilin Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Good Account ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conceptual Resources

AbstractThe role of culture in shaping folk psychology and mindreading has been neglected in the philosophical literature. This paper shows that there are significant cultural differences in how psychological states are understood and used by (1) drawing on Spaulding’s recent distinction between the ‘goals’ and ‘methods’ of mindreading (2018) to argue that the relations between these methods vary across cultures; and (2) arguing that differences in folk psychology cannot be dismissed as irrelevant to the cognitive architecture that facilitates our understanding of psychological states. The paper concludes that any good account of social cognition must have the conceptual resources to explain how culture affects our understanding of psychological states, and that this explanandum should not be an after-thought but instead a guiding feature for those accounts.

The Role of Cultural Distance Across Quantiles of International Joint Venture Longevity

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette P. Tower ◽  
Kelly Hewett ◽  
Anton P. Fenik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
International Joint Venture ◽  
International Joint ◽  
The Impact

Rapid global economic development and liberalization have increased the motivation and opportunities for firms to enter into international joint venture (IJV) agreements. Numerous studies in the international marketing literature have examined the impact of international partners’ cultural differences on IJV longevity; however, results are inconclusive, potentially due to limitations in the methods used. While this study examines the varied impact of cultural differences on IJV longevity based on the IJV’s age, it uses quantile regression, enabling the detection of varying effects’ strengths across the dependent variable’s entire distribution. The results demonstrate variations in the role of cultural differences across individual cultural dimensions as well as variations in the patterns of association between cultural differences and IJV longevity dependent on the IJV’s age. Implications for theory and the practice of international marketing are offered as well as potential applications of this study’s methodological approach.

Brand personality and culture: The role of cultural differences on the impact of brand personality perceptions on tourists' visit intentions

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Matzler ◽  
Andreas Strobl ◽  
Nicola Stokburger-Sauer ◽  
Artur Bobovnicky ◽  
Florian Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Cerebellum Plays a Role in Cognitive, but Not Affective, Theory of Mind: A Voxel-Based Lesion Mapping Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
pierre-aurélien beuriat ◽  
Shira Cohen-Zimerman ◽  
Gretchen Smith ◽  
Frank Krueger ◽  
Barry Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Crus I ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Theory of Mind (ToM) is a social-cognitive skill that allows the understanding of the intentions, beliefs, and desires of others. There is a distinction between affective and cognitive ToM, with evidence showing that these processes rely on partially distinct neural networks. The role of the cerebellum in social cognition has only been rarely explored. In this study, we tested whether the cerebellum is necessary for cognitive and affective ToM performance. Material and methods: We investigated adults with traumatic brain injury (n=193) and healthy controls (n=52) using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and by measuring the impact on functional connectivity. Results: First, we observed that damage to the cerebellum affected Cognitive but not Affective ToM processing. Further, we found a lateralization effect for the role of the cerebellum in cognitive ToM with participants with left cerebellar injury performing worse than those with right cerebellar injury. Both VLSM and standard statistical analysis provided evidence that left cerebellar Crus I and lobule VI contributed to ToM processing. Lastly, we found that disconnection of the left thalamic projection and the left fronto-striatal fasciculus was associated with poor cognitive ToM performance. Conclusions: Our study is the first to reveal direct causal neuropsychological evidence for a role of the cerebellum in cognitive, but not in affective, ToM, processing. It reinforces the idea that social cognition relies on a complex network functionally connected through white matter pathways that include the cerebellum. It supports evidence that the neural networks underpinning cognitive and affective ToM can be differentiated.

The Unfinished Business of Respect for Autonomy: Persons, Relationships, and Nonhuman Animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 521-539
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This essay explores three issues in respect for autonomy that pose unfinished business for the concept. By this, I mean that the dialogue over them is ongoing and essentially unresolved. These are: (1) whether we ought to respect persons or their autonomous choices; (2) the role of relational autonomy; and (3) whether nonhuman animals can be autonomous. In attending to this particular set of unfinished business, I highlight some critical moral work left aside by the concept of respect for autonomy as understood in Beauchamp and Childress’ Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Specifically, while significant pragmatic traction is gained by the authors’ focus on autonomous choice, carving such a focus out from the broader questions of moral respect and the autonomy of the person leaves aside a number of questions that we might have thought a view about respect for autonomy in biomedicine ought to answer. These include: How should physicians respond when autonomous patients make decisions that appear nonautonomous? What is the impact of the view that autonomy is “relational” for cross-cultural differences in how autonomy is respected? If chimpanzees (and by extension young children) can be autonomous, what does that mean for how they should be treated?

Norm and Social Compliance

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Campennì ◽  
Federico Cecconi ◽  
Giulia Andrighetto ◽  
Rosaria Conte
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Agent Architecture ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Norm Emergence

The necessity to model the mental ingredients of norm compliance is a controversial issue within the study of norms. So far, the simulation-based study of norm emergence has shown a prevailing tendency to model norm conformity as a thoughtless behavior, emerging from social learning and imitation rather than from specific, norm-related mental representations. In this article, the opposite stance - namely, a view of norms as hybrid, two-faceted phenomena, including a behavioral/social and an internal/mental side - is taken. Such a view is aimed at accounting for the difference between norms, on one hand, and either behavioral regularities (conventions) on the other. After a brief presentation of a normative agent architecture, the preliminary results of agent-based simulations testing the impact of norm recognition and the role of normative beliefs in the emergence and stabilization of social norms are presented and discussed. We focused our attention on the effects which the use of a cognitive architecture (namely a norm recognition module) produces on the environment.

Learner-Centered Teaching and the Use of Technology

2010 ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Greer ◽  
Vivian W. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Teaching With Technology ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the use of various learning technologies as tools for facilitating learner-centered teaching. The article offers another perspective on the scholarship of teaching with technology—through discussion of various theoretical models of learner-centered teaching, the role of technology on the student/instructor relationships, the impact on technology in different educational settings and contexts, and learners’ cultural differences. The article concludes with a brief discussion of future trends, cautions, and speculations related to technology use in learner-centered teaching.

scholarly journals The role of social cognition in parasite and pathogen avoidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1751) ◽  
pp. 20170206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kavaliers ◽  
Elena Choleris
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parasite Avoidance

The acquisition and use of social information are integral to social behaviour and parasite/pathogen avoidance. This involves social cognition which encompasses mechanisms for acquiring, processing, retaining and acting on social information. Social cognition entails the acquisition of social information about others (i.e. social recognition) and from others (i.e. social learning). Social cognition involves assessing other individuals and their infection status and the pathogen and parasite threat they pose and deciding about when and how to interact with them. Social cognition provides a framework for examining pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours and their associated neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we briefly consider the relationships between social cognition and olfactory-mediated pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours. We briefly discuss aspects of (i) social recognition of actual and potentially infected individuals and the impact of parasite/pathogen threat on mate and social partner choice; (ii) the roles of ‘out-groups’ (strangers, unfamiliar individuals) and ‘in-groups’ (familiar individuals) in the expression of parasite/pathogen avoidance behaviours; (iii) individual and social learning, i.e. the utilization of the pathogen recognition and avoidance responses of others; and (iv) the neurobiological mechanisms, in particular the roles of the nonapeptide, oxytocin and steroid hormones (oestrogens) associated with social cognition and parasite/pathogen avoidance. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours'.

Learner-Centered Teaching and the Use of Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 248-263
Author(s):  
Annette Greer ◽  
Vivian W. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Teaching With Technology ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the use of various learning technologies as tools for facilitating learner-centered teaching. The article offers another perspective on the scholarship of teaching with technology—through discussion of various theoretical models of learner-centered teaching, the role of technology on the student/instructor relationships, the impact on technology in different educational settings and contexts, and learners’ cultural differences. The article concludes with a brief discussion of future trends, cautions, and speculations related to technology use in learner-centered teaching.

scholarly journals Facilitating Innovation in Interdisciplinary Teams: The Role of Leaders and Integrative Communication

10.28945/4011 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
Maritza Salazar ◽  
Theresa Lant
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Transdisciplinary Science ◽  
The Impact

Aim/Purpose: The complexity of scientific problems has spurred the development of transdisciplinary science, in which experts are brought together to collaborate across disciplinary and practice boundaries. These knowledge diverse teams can produce novel solutions, but they often fail to achieve their potential. Background: Leaders have a crucial role to play in enabling effective collaboration among these diverse experts. We propose that a critical predictor of whether a newly formed interdisciplinary team will perform well is the leader’s multidisciplinary breadth of experience, which we define as a leader’s possession of significant experience in multiple areas of research and practice. We suggest that these leaders will have the capability to skillfully manage the interactions within the team. Methodology: We test our prediction in a sample of 52 newly formed interdisciplinary medical research teams. We also observe and examine the communication patterns in a subset of these teams. Contribution: There is a lack of systematic study of the impact leaders have on newly formed interdisciplinary science teams whose members have little or no prior collaborative experience with each other, possess specialized knowledge, and have limited overlapping expertise. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the effect of leader multidisciplinary experience on team communication patterns and innovation. Findings: Our study finds that teams are more innovative when their leader has a moderate breadth of multidisciplinary expertise. Exploration of team communication patterns suggests that leaders with moderate multidisciplinary breadth of experience actively stimulated information sharing across expert domains by choosing cross-cutting topics and drew individuals’ attention to the knowledge and approaches of others in the team. Recommendations for Practitioners: Insights from this work can have practical implications regarding how to best select and train leaders to facilitate cross-boundary collaboration in transdisciplinary science. This study elucidates a variety of communication strategies that leaders can to enhance the team innovativeness. Recommendation for Researchers: Further investigation into the underlying psychological states that these communication strategies elicit is needed. Future research should investigate psychological mediators such as knowledge consideration, perspective taking, and cognitive flexibility. Impact on Society: Transdisciplinary science is needed to solve society’s most complex problems. The more insight we gather about factors that can help these knowledge diverse teams to be successful, but more society will benefit. Future Research: More research is needed on team formation, leader experience, and team outcomes in transdisciplinary science teams in a variety of contexts.

scholarly journals Culture as an environmental factor on the impact of intrapreneurship in engineering companies: Comparison of German and American engineering companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07025
Author(s):  
Seray Toksöz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Top Management Support ◽  
The Us ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The main aim of this study was to explore the extent to which intrapreneurship is taking place in engineering companies in the US and Germany. To serve this purpose, a deductive approach was followed, and a mixed methodology was employed in order to measure the perceptions about the existence of intrapreneurship in each country and to develop an understanding what factors have an effect on the concept among the engineering companies’ employees. The data collection procedure included questionnaires which were carried out with the selected employees of the engineering companies. For the analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires, several statistical analyses were utilised, and SPSS software was used. To obtain the managements’ views on the issue, interviews were conducted. Interviews were analysed through using narrative method. According to results, extent of the intrapreneurship perception among the US employees is higher compared to employees from Germany. Managements in both countries accepts the importance of intrapreneurship for their organisations however, it seems like there is a problem in flowing down these views to employees since employees especially in Germany believes otherwise. In this context, three main factors were determined in this study which can be counted as important factors which hinders the level of intrapreneurship in the US and Germany. These factors are lack of top management support, lack of communication and lack of adequate reward scheme within the organisations. In this study the role of culture in determining intrapreneurship behaviour within the organisations was also determined. In this context, it is believed that due to cultural differences between the US and Germany, employees do not perform intrapreneurship behaviour in Germany.

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