Cognitive Radio Based Vehicular Sensor Network Using Optimal Tree Routing Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 2237-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Priyadharshini ◽  
M. Sundarambal
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hashem ◽  
Shrief Barakat ◽  
Mahmoud Atta Alla

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Sayyed Majid Mazinani ◽  
Sara Moshtaghi

ABSTRACT: Cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is a new generation of communication systems that wants to solve the overcrowded spectrum utilization of the unlicensed bands. It has combined sensor networks and cognitive radio technology, so it has the challenges of energy restriction of sensors and also dynamic spectrum access of the cognitive radio network. On the other hand, considering both of these challenges in the routing protocol plays a basic role in network performance and we can’t apply the routing protocols that have been proposed for wireless sensor networks and cognitive radio networks, separately, in the CRSN. Therefore, this article has tried to provide a new spectrum and energy-aware routing protocol in which the source is able to choose the most stable route in the aspect of node residual energy or spectrum access probability. Not only can considering the nodal residual energy and spectrum access in the route discovery process avoid repetitive link failure, but it also can increase the network lifetime. This protocol has been compared with ESAC, SCR, ERP, and SER. The result of this comparison has shown that our protocol reduces end-to-end delay, control overhead, throughput, and lifetime in comparison to other protocols, especially in small-scale networks. ABSTRAK: Rangkaian sensor radio kognitif (CRSN) adalah generasi baru sistem telekomunikasi bagi menyelesaikan masalah kesesakan pada pemakaian band spektrum tidak berlesen. Ianya adalah kombinasi rangkaian sensor dan teknologi radio kognitif. Oleh itu, ia mempunyai cabaran sekatan tenaga pada sensor dan kemasukan spektrum secara dinamik pada rangkaian radio kognitif. Pada masa sama, dengan mengambil kira kedua-dua cabaran pada protokol rangkaian ini telah memainkan peranan asas pada prestasi rangkaian dan kami tidak boleh mengguna pakai protokol rangkaian yang telah diguna pakai pada rangkaian sensor tanpa wayar dan rangkaian radio kognitif secara asing dalam CRSN. Oleh itu, artikel ini cuba menyediakan spektrum baru dan pengawasan tenaga pada protokol rangkaian, di mana sumber boleh memilih laluan rangkaian yang stabil dengan mengambil kira pada aspek baki tenaga  nod atau kebarangkalian akses spektrum. Selain itu, ianya dapat mengelakkan kegagalan laluan berulang juga menambahkan jangka hayat rangkaian. Protokol ini telah dibandingkan dengan ESAC, SCR, ERP dan SER. Perbandingan keputusan menunjukkan protokol ini mengurangkan kelewatan hujung-ke-hujung, mengawal kesesakan, mambaiki jumlah penghantaran dan menambah tempoh hayat berbanding protokol lain, khususnya pada rangkaian skala kecil.


Author(s):  
Vaishali Thorat ◽  
Dr. Lalitkumar Wadhwa ◽  
Dr. Satish Kumar

As we know Wireless Sensor Network is the perfect solution for quick capturing, processing and transmission of critical data. Sensor nodes are often deployed in generous environment but nodes suffer from low battery power. So, energy efficiency and network life are main concerns in WSN. Zig Bee have low cost, low power consumption and is beneficial in wireless sensor networks by selecting adequate communication protocol. Routing protocols like AODV (Ad- hoc on demand distance vector routing), ZTR (Zig Bee tree routing), and STR (Shortcut tree routing) and ESTR (Extended Shortcut tree routing) are compared on the idea of various performance metrics like end to finish delay, routing overload, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR). The mathematical analysis and performance evaluation shows that ESTR achieves better performance as compared to other routing protocols. The overall evaluation shows that ESTR achieves better performance as compared to other routing protocols. But there are some limitations of ESTR method. Performance of packet delivery ratio of STR is less as compared to AODV. Performance of end to end delay of STR is poor as compared to AODV. Extended STR is proposed to represent new ZigBee network routing protocol with improved performance of Packet Delivery ratio (PDR) and delay against STR and AODV. We are introducing here Efficient Extended Shortcut Tree Routing method (ESTR) for further improvement of delays of ESTR method.


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