Functional response of an adapted subtidal macrobenthic community to an oil spill: macrobenthic structure and bioturbation activity over time throughout an 18-month field experiment

This chapter presents six examples of organization-related social network mining: 1) interorganizational and sentiment networks in the Deepwater BP Oil Spill events, 2) intraorganizational interdepartmental networks in the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD), 3) who-to-whom email networks across the organizational hierarchy the Ford Motor Company’s automotive engineering innovation: “Sync® w/ MyFord Touch”, 4) networks of selected individuals who left that organization, 5) semantic associations across email for a corporate innovation in that organization, and 6) assessment of sentiment across its email for innovations over time. These examples are discussed in terms of motivations, methods, implications, and applications.

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COMPARISON OF OIL SPILL RATES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-947 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 (1) ◽

pp. 947-949

Author(s):

Gary Yoshioka ◽

Brad Kaiman ◽

Eva Wong

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Coastal Area ◽

East Coast ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Movement Data ◽

Exposure Variable ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT Recent studies of oil spills of more than 10,000 gallons examined spill rates in certain East Coast and Gulf Coast regions of the United States. Using oil movement data as the exposure variable, these studies found similar spill rates among the regions and over time. This analysis expands upon these earlier studies by examining the California coastal area and by calculating new spill rates using refining capacity as the exposure variable.

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Can Social Information Affect What Job You Choose and Keep?

American Economic Journal Applied Economics ◽

10.1257/app.20140468 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 96-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lucas C. Coffman ◽

Clayton R. Featherstone ◽

Judd B. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Social Information ◽

Teach For America ◽

Simple Theory ◽

High Stakes ◽

Persistent Effect ◽

Second Year ◽

Over Time

We show that the provision of social information influences a high-stakes decision and this influence persists over time. In a field experiment involving thousands of admits to Teach For America, those told about the previous year's matriculation rate are more likely to accept a teaching job, complete training, start, and return a second year. To show robustness, we develop a simple theory that identifies subgroups where we expect larger treatment effects and find our effect is larger in those subgroups. That social information can have a powerful, persistent effect on high-stakes behavior broadens its relevance for policy and theory. (JEL D83, I21, J22, J45, L31, Z13)

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Time lags in functional response to management regimes - evidence from a 26-year field experiment in wet meadows

Journal of Vegetation Science ◽

10.1111/jvs.12497 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 313-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frederike Velbert ◽

Till Kleinebecker ◽

Ondřej Mudrák ◽

Peter Schwartze ◽

Norbert Hölzel

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Functional Response ◽

Time Lags ◽

Wet Meadows ◽

Management Regimes

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PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN REPORTED SMALL OIL SPILLS

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-141 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1985 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Gary A. Yoshioka ◽

Andrew J. Franzoni ◽

K. Jack Kooyoomjian ◽

Terry L. Eby ◽

Glenn A. Wiltshire

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Reporting System ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Outer Continental Shelf ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Incident Reporting System ◽

Oil Transportation ◽

The U.S ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT Many recent analyses of oil spill data have focused on the occurrence of large spills. For example, a 1981 study compared the incidence of spills of more than 10,000 gallons in four U.S. coastal regions. A 1983 U.S. Department of the Interior study of spills of 1,000 barrels or more from outer continental shelf platforms found a statistically significant decrease in spill occurrence rates after 1974. Data from the U.S. Coast Guard's Pollution Incident Reporting System (PIRS) show a drop in the number of all reported oil spills from more than 12,000 in 1977 to fewer than 7,000 in 1982. Such reductions in reported spills have been attributed in part to stricter government regulation and enforcement, to changes in technology, or to a decline in oil transportation. The significance of small oil spills is discussed, and data on the occurrence of reported small oil spills are analyzed using information from the PIRS database. The trend over time in the number of spills of fewer than 10 gallons was found to be upward for some sources, water bodies, and regions, but downward for others. Although this paper does not examine causal relationships, increased awareness of the requirement to report oil discharges may have resulted in increased reporting of spills in some cases and increased efforts toward prevention of spills in other cases.

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For Your Eyes Only: A Field Experiment on Nudging Hygienic Behavior

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Hilde Mobekk ◽

Dag Olav Hessen ◽

Asle Fagerstrøm ◽

Hanne Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Individual Choice ◽

Hygienic Behavior ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Reversal Design ◽

Hygiene Compliance ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

These days many gyms and fitness centers are closed to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in society. The gym is an environment rich in microorganisms, and careful hygiene is a necessity to keep infections at bay. Exercise centers strive for better hygiene compliance among their members. This effort has become essential in light of the current pandemic. Several experimental studies show that others’ physical presence, or the “illusion” of being watched, may alter behavior. This article reports on a natural field experiment testing one specific social nudge intended to increase gym members’ hygienic behavior. The study was conducted before the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. A picture of “observing eyes” was attached to paper dispensers and cleanser spray bottles at two different gyms in Norway. A reversal design, also called an ABA design, with and without the nudge’s presence, was used to investigate the impact on gym members’ hygienic behavior. A follow-up study was conducted in one of the centers to investigate whether the nudge stimuli would function over time. The study included 254 individual choice situations during nine observation sessions conducted over 9 weeks. The results from both centers provide evidence of a strong effect of the nudge. However, the effect decreased during the follow-up study. These findings support previous research indicating that human behavior is influenced by the presence of implicit observation cues – in this case – observing eyes. However, insights into the long-term effect of implicit observation cues are still needed since the salience of the stimuli faded over time.

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