Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw water samples from the Rímac River, Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 11454-11467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meylin Bautista ◽  
Taís Rondello Bonatti ◽  
Vagner Ricardo da S. Fiuza ◽  
Angelica Terashima ◽  
Marco Canales-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw water from the Atibaia river, Campinas, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maura Bueno FRANCO ◽  
Rosângela ROCHA-EBERHARDT ◽  
Romeu CANTUSIO NETO
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Future Work

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis are waterborne parasites that have caused several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease associated with drinking water. Due to the lack of studies about the occurrence of these protozoa in water in the Southeast of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to verify the presence of cysts and oocysts in superficial raw water of the Atibaia River. The water samples were submitted to membrane filtration (3.0 mum) and elution was processed by (1) scraping and rinsing of membrane (RM method) and (2) acetone-dissolution (ADM method). Microbiologic and chemical parameters were analyzed. Aliquots of the pellets were examined by immunofluorescence (Merifluor, Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio). All water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in spite of the high turbidity. Higher recovery rates occurred in samples treated by the RM method than by the ADM technique. The goal for future work is the assessment of viability of cysts and oocysts to determine the public health significance of this finding.

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and evidence for cross‐species transmission in Northern Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Kuthyar ◽  
Martin M. Kowalewski ◽  
Matthew Seabolt ◽  
Dawn M. Roellig ◽  
Thomas R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Karim Houali ◽  
Farida Ghalmi ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in dogs from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio M. Paz e Silva ◽  
Marina M. Monobe ◽  
Raimundo S. Lopes ◽  
João P. Araujo Jr
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in a conventional water purification plant

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Hirata ◽  
S. Kunikane
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Giardia Cyst ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Observation Level ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Purification Plant ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A one-year monitoring of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts was conducted at a water purification plant. A total of thirteen 50 L samples of river source water and twenty-six 2,000 L samples of filtered water (treated by coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and rapid filtration) were concentrated using a hollow fibre ultrafiltration membrane module at a purification plant. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in all raw water samples with a geometric mean concentration of 400 oocysts/m3 (range 160-1,500 oocysts/m3). Giardia cysts were detected in 12/13 raw waters (92%) with a geometric mean concentration of 170 cysts/m3 (range 40-580 oocysts/m3). Probability distributions of both Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst concentration in raw water were nearly log-normal. In filtered water samples, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 9/26 samples (35%) with a geometric mean concentration of 1.2 oocysts/m3 (range 0.5-8 oocysts/m3) and Giardia cysts in three samples (12%) with 0.8 cysts/m3 (range 0.5-2 oocysts/m3). The estimated removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts was, respectively, 2.54 log10 and 2.53 log10 on the basis of geometric means, 3.20 and 3.57 log10 on the basis of 50% observation level and 2.70 and 2.90 log10 on the basis of 90% observation level.

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates from police and farm dogs in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Chengwu Liu ◽  
Yuqiang Yu ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Pengtao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis

Characterization of Drinking Water Odour Arising from Spring Thaw for an Ice-Covered Upland River Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
D. Rector ◽  
N. Motkosky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Biogenic Source ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Recurring odour events during spring thaw in the North Saskatchewan River led to a program to characterize contributing odour agents. Raw and treated water samples were adsorbed on granular activated carbon which was then exhaustively solvent extracted. The solvent concentrates were subjected to a Chromatographie sniffing procedure combined with gas chromatographic-mass spectral analyses. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were identified by sensory and analytical means as likely major contributors to the raw water odour. Benzaldehyde, camphor and dihydroactinidiolide were other relevant compounds identified. Given the near freezing water conditions at the time of the odour event, the biogenic source of the odour agents remains a subject for investigation.

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