Electrophysiological, behavioural and biochemical effect of Ocimum basilicum oil and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool on Musca domestica L.

Abstract The Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) was evaluated for its biological effect on M. domestica. Characterization of O. basilicum EO revealed the presence of methyl chavicol (70.93%), linalool (9.34%), epi-α-cadinol (3.69 %), methyl eugenol (2.48%), γ-cadinene (1.67%), 1,8-cineole (1.30%) and (E)-β-ocimene (1.11%). The basil EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool caused the neuronal response in female adults of M. domestica. Adult female flies showed reduced preference to food source laced with basil EO and methyl chavicol. Substrate treated with EO and methyl chavicol at 0.25% caused an oviposition deterrence of over 80%. The ovicidal effect was high in O. basilicum EO (EC50 9.74mg/dm3) followed by methyl chavicol (EC50 10.67mg/dm3) and linalool (EC50 13.57mg/dm3. On contact toxicity, adults exposed to EO (LD50 10.01 μg/adult) were more susceptible than to methyl chavicol and linalool (LD50 13.62 μg/adult and LD50 43.12 μg/adult respectively). EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool induced the detoxifying enzymes Carboxyl esterase (Car E) and Glutathione S – transferases (GST)

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Essential oils from Ocimum basilicum cultivars: analysis of their composition and determination of the effect of the major compounds on Haemonchus contortus eggs

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

A.I.P. Sousa ◽

C.R. Silva ◽

H.N. Costa-Júnior ◽

N.C.S. Silva ◽

J.A.O. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

The Individual

Abstract The continuous use of synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) has resulted in the increased resistance, which is why alternative methods are being sought, such as the use of natural products. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been considered as potential products for the control of GINs. However, the chemical composition and, consequently, the biological activity of EOs vary in different plant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of EOs from cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. and that of their major constituents against Haemonchus contortus. The EOs from 16 cultivars as well the pure compound linalool, methyl chavicol, citral and eugenol were used in the assessment of the inhibition of H. contortus egg hatch. In addition, the composition of three cultivars was simulated using a combination of the two major compounds from each. The EOs from different cultivars showed mean Inhibition Concentration (IC50) varying from 0.56 to 2.22 mg/mL. The cultivar with the highest egg-hatch inhibition, Napoletano, is constituted mainly of linalool and methyl chavicol. Among the individual compounds tested, citral was the most effective (IC50 0.30 mg/mL). The best combination of compounds was obtained with 11% eugenol plus 64% linalool (IC50 0.44 mg/mL), simulating the Italian Large Leaf (Richters) cultivar. We conclude that different cultivars of O. basilicum show different anthelmintic potential, with cultivars containing linalool and methyl chavicol being the most promising; and that citral or methyl chavicol isolated should also be considered for the development of new anthelmintic formulations.

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Chemical and genetic stability of methyl chavicol-rich Indian basil (Ocimum basilicum var. CIM-Saumya) micropropagated in vitro

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2017.08.018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 186-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Kumari ◽

D. Agnihotri ◽

C.S. Chanotiya ◽

A.K. Mathur ◽

R.K. Lal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Stability ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Methyl Chavicol

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Compositional Variability and Antifungal Potentials of Ocimum basilicum, O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum and O. kilimandscharicum Essential Oils against Rhizoctonia solani and Choanephora cucurbitarum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajendra C. Padalia ◽

Ram S. Verma ◽

Amit Chauhan ◽

Prakash Goswami ◽

Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽

Compositional Variability ◽

Industrial Use ◽

Poison Food Technique

The composition of hydrodistilled essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. (four chemovariants), O. tenuiflorum L., O. gratissimum L., and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke were analyzed and compared by using capillary gas chromatography (GC/FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Phenyl propanoids (upto 87.0%) and monoterpenoids (upto 83.3%) were prevalent constituents distributed in the studied Ocimum taxa. The major constituents of the four distinct chemovariants of O. basilicum were methyl chavicol (86.3%), methyl chavicol (61.5%)/linalool (28.6%), citral (65.9%); and linalool (36.1%)/citral (28.8%). Eugenol (66.5% and 78.0%) was the major constituent of O. tenuiflorum and O. gratissimum. Eugenol (34.0%), β-bisabolene (15.4%), ( E)-α-bisabolene (10.9%), methyl chavicol (10.2%) and 1,8-cineole (8.2%) were the major constituents of O. kilimandscharicum. In order to explore the potential for industrial use, the extracted essential oils were assessed for their antifungal potential through poison food technique against two phytopathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Choanephora cucurbitarum, which cause root and wet rot diseases in various crops. O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum, and O. kilimandscharicum exhibited complete growth inhibition against R. solani and C. cucurbitarum after 24 and 48 h of treatment. O. basilicum chemotypes showed variable levels of growth inhibition (63.0%–100%) against these two phytopathogens.

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Pengaruh ekstrak kemangi (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) terhadap perkembangan lalat rumah (Musca domestica) (L.)

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.5.1.36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Dattu Iffah H ◽

Dwi Jayanti Gunandini ◽

Agus Kardinan

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

House Fly ◽

Control Water

Effect of Kemangi Extract (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) to House Fly (Musca domestica) (L.). The aim of this study was to know larvacidal effect of basil leave on house fly (Musca domestica ). Using atsiri oil which extracted through the steam distillation procedure, this study applied 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% asitri oil dilluted on water compared to control (water only, 0%), The study showed that 20% dilluotion has highest larvacidal effect, cause highest mortality rate (83%), and inhibited ecdysis shown by lowest ecdysis and enclosy ability sharing only 13 and 37%.

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Intercropping System and N2 Fixing Bacteria Can Increase Land Use Efficiency and Improve the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.610026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sajad Kordi ◽

Saeid Zehtab Salmasi ◽

Jalil Shafagh Kolvanagh ◽

Weria Weisany ◽

Dennis A. Shannon

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Forage Maize ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Sole Cropping

Intercropping fodder plants with medicinal plants, in addition to enhancing productivity, can remarkably reduce the population of weeds, pests and diseases and for naturally meeting of livestock medicinal needs. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate biological yield, essential oil (EO) composition and yield of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) treated with N2 fixing bacteria in additive intercropping with forage maize during the 2018 and 2019. Treatments were arranged in factorial split-plot-in time in randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors were 100% chemical fertilizer (N), N2 fixing bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum), integration of N2 fixing bacteria + 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer and control. The cropping pattern factor included of sole cropping basil and the additive intercropping of maize + 25% basil, maize + 50% basil, maize + 75% basil, and maize + 100% basil. The results indicated that the highest essential oil yield (30.8 kg ha−1) and essential oil percentage (0.75%) were obtained in sole cropping with A. brasilense and A. chroococcum + 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer application in second harvest in 2019. In both cropping systems, the N2 fixing bacteria application significantly increased fresh and dry yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) as compared to control plants. In both years of experiments could remarkably vary depending on type of treatment. In both years, eight constituents including methyl chavicol (17.24–51.28%), Z-citral (neral) (8.33–24.3%), geranial (10.2–31.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (1.05–5.64%), α-trans-bergamotene (0.53–1.7%), α-humulene (0.4–1.69%), germacrene-D (0.2–1.88%), and (Z)-α- bisabolene (1.16–3.86%) were the main constituents of EO. The highest content of methyl chavicol was found through sole cropping of sweet basil with nitrogen chemical fertilizer followed by sole cropping of sweet basil with an integration of A. brasilense and A. chroococcum + 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer in 2018 and 2019. Intercropping system and N2 fixing bacteria can be effective in reducing chemical fertilizer consumption and environmental pollution and achieving the sustainable agriculture goals.

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Identification and Quantification of the Major Fungitoxic Components of the Brazilian Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n5p124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosimeire C. Barcelos ◽

Gulab N. Jham ◽

Onkar D. Dhingra ◽

Fernanda A. Mendonca ◽

Vania M. M. Valente

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Retention Index ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Chemical Identification ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Identification And Quantification

<p>Hydrodistillation of Brazilian basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L.) yielded 0.4% of essential oil (EO), with activity against eight important postharvest deteriorating fungi. The crude EO completely inhibited the radial growth of the fungi at a concentration of 0.1%. Thirty-two components were identified in crude EO by Kováts retention index, mass spectrometry and standards. Preparative TLC-bioautography of the crude EO presented only one band with an antifungal activity greater than that of crude EO with the following chemical composition (%): 1,8-cineole (6.2), linalool (36.3), camphor (9.7), Alpha-terpineol (3.8), methyl chavicol (9.1) and eugenol (34.9). Based on these results, these compounds were considered to be the major fungitoxic components. This is the first study in the literature that presents data obtained simultaneously on the activity of crude basil EO against eight important post-harvest deteriorating fungi, its unequivocal chemical identification and quantification (area %).</p>

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Toxicity, behavioural and biochemical effect of Piper betle L. essential oil and its constituents against housefly, Musca domestica L.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104804 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104804

Author(s):

Kesavan Subaharan ◽

Rajendran Senthoorraja ◽

Sowmya Manjunath ◽

Geetha G. Thimmegowda ◽

Vppalayam Shanmugam Pragadheesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Biochemical Effect

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Yield and Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum sanctum L. Grown at Four Locations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.3.737 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 737-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Charles L. Cantrell ◽

William B. Evans ◽

M. Wayne Ebelhar ◽

Christine Coker

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Holy Basil

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) are the most widely grown basil species in the world either for the fresh market or for essential oil production. Both species are considered to be promising essential oil crops in the southeastern United States; however, research on oil production and composition of these species in Mississippi and the southeastern United States is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass productivity, oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cvs. German and Mesten and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) cv. Local grown at four locations in Mississippi. Overall, the three basil cultivars grew well; the fresh herbage and essential oil yields at three of the locations were high and comparable to basil yields reported in the literature. Essential oil content in air-dry herbage and the essential oil yields were as follows: 0.07% to 0.50% and 0.7 to 11.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. Mesten, 0.2% to 0.5% and 1.4 to 13.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. German, and 0.08% to 0.40% and 0.6 to 5.3 kg·ha−1 in holy basil cv. Local, respectively. The main constituent of sweet basil cultivars was (–)-linalool with other constituents being (–)-camphor, α-humulene, eucalyptol, eugenol, (–)-bornyl acetate, methyl chavicol, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and cadinol. The main constituents of holy basil were methyl chavicol, eugenol, and eucalyptol with other constituents being α-humulene, humulene-epoxide II, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and γ-cadinene. Our results suggest sweet and holy basils have a potential as new essential oil crops for Mississippi and possibly the southeastern United States and can provide oil yields and composition typical for the respective species.

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Essential oil composition of five Basil cultivars (Ocimum basilicum) from Albania

Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2015.61.02.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nefrus Cheliku ◽

Ivana Cvetkovikj Karanfilova ◽

Gjoshe Stefkov ◽

Marija Karapandzova ◽

Nikoll Bardhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Wide Range ◽

Quantitative Analyses

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant with very wide range of uses. This paper presents qualitative and quantitative analyses of essential oils obtained from five types of Italian basil cultivars: Napolitan, Red basil, Fino Verde, Limonez, and Genoveze culltivated in Albania and collected during the summer 2012. The hydrodistilled BEO (Basil essential oil) content ranged from 0.11% to 3.40%. Within the total of 65 identified compounds with GC/FID/MS, nine were considered as predominant (1,8-cineole, linalool, cis-thujone, methyl chavicol, eugenol, trans-(E)-caryophyllene, trans-(α)-bergamotene, germacrene D, and epi-α-cadinol) representing 49.20 to 85.43% of the components in the analysed essential oils. In all cultivars, linalool was detected as the most abundant component (36.20-46.59%). BEO’s from all five cultivars differ in their chemical composition but generally conform to EO’s from Sweet Basil grown in the Medditeranean region. The Napolitan cultivar showed the largest similarity to Sweet Basil, not only for the morphology, also due to the essential oil composition that comprises Basil’s most dominant chemical components (linalool, methyl chavicol and eucalyptol) in particular percents.

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