scholarly journals Intercropping System and N2 Fixing Bacteria Can Increase Land Use Efficiency and Improve the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Kordi ◽  
Saeid Zehtab Salmasi ◽  
Jalil Shafagh Kolvanagh ◽  
Weria Weisany ◽  
Dennis A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Sole Cropping

Intercropping fodder plants with medicinal plants, in addition to enhancing productivity, can remarkably reduce the population of weeds, pests and diseases and for naturally meeting of livestock medicinal needs. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate biological yield, essential oil (EO) composition and yield of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) treated with N2 fixing bacteria in additive intercropping with forage maize during the 2018 and 2019. Treatments were arranged in factorial split-plot-in time in randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors were 100% chemical fertilizer (N), N2 fixing bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum), integration of N2 fixing bacteria + 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer and control. The cropping pattern factor included of sole cropping basil and the additive intercropping of maize + 25% basil, maize + 50% basil, maize + 75% basil, and maize + 100% basil. The results indicated that the highest essential oil yield (30.8 kg ha−1) and essential oil percentage (0.75%) were obtained in sole cropping with A. brasilense and A. chroococcum + 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer application in second harvest in 2019. In both cropping systems, the N2 fixing bacteria application significantly increased fresh and dry yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) as compared to control plants. In both years of experiments could remarkably vary depending on type of treatment. In both years, eight constituents including methyl chavicol (17.24–51.28%), Z-citral (neral) (8.33–24.3%), geranial (10.2–31.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (1.05–5.64%), α-trans-bergamotene (0.53–1.7%), α-humulene (0.4–1.69%), germacrene-D (0.2–1.88%), and (Z)-α- bisabolene (1.16–3.86%) were the main constituents of EO. The highest content of methyl chavicol was found through sole cropping of sweet basil with nitrogen chemical fertilizer followed by sole cropping of sweet basil with an integration of A. brasilense and A. chroococcum + 50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer in 2018 and 2019. Intercropping system and N2 fixing bacteria can be effective in reducing chemical fertilizer consumption and environmental pollution and achieving the sustainable agriculture goals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield, chemical composition and yield of essential oil of four cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by different levels of nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Faraj MOAYEDI ◽  
Sajad KORDI ◽  
Ali Ashraf MEHRABI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Different Levels

<p><span>A field experiment was conducted to evaluate yield and some qualitative characteristics of four cultivars of sweet basil treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiments were located on the Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad, Iran, during the 2016-2017 growing season. Treatments were arranged in factorial split-plot-in time in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were four cultivars of sweet basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> ‘Italian Large Leaf’, <em>O. basilicum</em> ‘Mobarakeh’, <em>O. basilicum</em> ‘Cinnamon’ and <em>O. basilicum </em>‘Thai’), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> urea) and three harvests. The highest total dry mass (3482.4 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) was related to ‘Italian Large Leaf’ with the application of 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> urea at the second harvest. The maximum (26.79 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) essential oil yield belonged to 100 kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>urea. The highest concentrations of main constituents of essential oil, except methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole and methyl cinnamate were obtained by control (without nitrogen fertilizer). Italian Large Leaf cultivar and application of 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> urea are recommended to access an acceptable agricultural yield and essential oil yield in sweet basil under the environmental condition similar to Khorramabad</span></p>

scholarly journals Yield and Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum sanctum L. Grown at Four Locations

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Charles L. Cantrell ◽  
William B. Evans ◽  
M. Wayne Ebelhar ◽  
Christine Coker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Holy Basil

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) are the most widely grown basil species in the world either for the fresh market or for essential oil production. Both species are considered to be promising essential oil crops in the southeastern United States; however, research on oil production and composition of these species in Mississippi and the southeastern United States is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass productivity, oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cvs. German and Mesten and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) cv. Local grown at four locations in Mississippi. Overall, the three basil cultivars grew well; the fresh herbage and essential oil yields at three of the locations were high and comparable to basil yields reported in the literature. Essential oil content in air-dry herbage and the essential oil yields were as follows: 0.07% to 0.50% and 0.7 to 11.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. Mesten, 0.2% to 0.5% and 1.4 to 13.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. German, and 0.08% to 0.40% and 0.6 to 5.3 kg·ha−1 in holy basil cv. Local, respectively. The main constituent of sweet basil cultivars was (–)-linalool with other constituents being (–)-camphor, α-humulene, eucalyptol, eugenol, (–)-bornyl acetate, methyl chavicol, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and cadinol. The main constituents of holy basil were methyl chavicol, eugenol, and eucalyptol with other constituents being α-humulene, humulene-epoxide II, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and γ-cadinene. Our results suggest sweet and holy basils have a potential as new essential oil crops for Mississippi and possibly the southeastern United States and can provide oil yields and composition typical for the respective species.

scholarly journals Essential oil composition of five Basil cultivars (Ocimum basilicum) from Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nefrus Cheliku ◽  
Ivana Cvetkovikj Karanfilova ◽  
Gjoshe Stefkov ◽  
Marija Karapandzova ◽  
Nikoll Bardhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant with very wide range of uses. This paper presents qualitative and quantitative analyses of essential oils obtained from five types of Italian basil cultivars: Napolitan, Red basil, Fino Verde, Limonez, and Genoveze culltivated in Albania and collected during the summer 2012. The hydrodistilled BEO (Basil essential oil) content ranged from 0.11% to 3.40%. Within the total of 65 identified compounds with GC/FID/MS, nine were considered as predominant (1,8-cineole, linalool, cis-thujone, methyl chavicol, eugenol, trans-(E)-caryophyllene, trans-(α)-bergamotene, germacrene D, and epi-α-cadinol) representing 49.20 to 85.43% of the components in the analysed essential oils. In all cultivars, linalool was detected as the most abundant component (36.20-46.59%). BEO’s from all five cultivars differ in their chemical composition but generally conform to EO’s from Sweet Basil grown in the Medditeranean region. The Napolitan cultivar showed the largest similarity to Sweet Basil, not only for the morphology, also due to the essential oil composition that comprises Basil’s most dominant chemical components (linalool, methyl chavicol and eucalyptol) in particular percents.

scholarly journals Plantain-Tree Rubber Intercropping Systems Improved Productivity in the Tropical Humid Zone of Ghana, West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Erasmus Narteh Tetteh ◽  
Eric Owusu Danquah ◽  
Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa ◽  
Caleb Melenya Ocansey ◽  
Emmanuel Amoah Boakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sole Cropping

A three-year field trial was conducted between 2014 and 2017 in the Ellembelle and Jomoro districts of the Western region of Ghana where rubber production is common to determine the optimum population density of plantain when grown in combination with immature rubber tree crops. The trials were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments were sole rubber, sole plantain, and three intercrops of one row of plantain in between two rows of rubber, two rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber, and three rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber. The rubber clone used was GT1 while the variety of plantain used was false horn. The results showed that population density of plantain had significant effect on the growth of the associated rubber. Growing plantain at closer spacing of 1.5 m under the high-density plantain treatment significantly increased plantain yield compared to the other cropping systems. There was a significant positive relationship between population density of plantain and the rubber tree growth and development. The optimum population density of plantain when intercropped with rubber was 1,666/ha. The study showed intercropping was advantageous over sole cropping for both crops.

Relay sowing of lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) to intensify rice-based cropping

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. MALIK ◽  
M. O. ALI ◽  
M. S. ZAMAN ◽  
K. FLOWER ◽  
M. M. RAHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Sole Cropping

SUMMARYThe cropping systems of the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Bangladesh, India and Nepal are based on rice. There is a scope to intensify such systems through diversification with lentil, the most popular food legume. Two strategies were evaluated to fit lentil into the short fallow between successive monsoonal (i.e., T. aman) and pre-monsoonal (aus) or irrigated rice (boro) crop. These were early-flowering sole-cropped lentil and relay-sown lentil into rice. Firstly, 18 early-flowering lentil lines at three contrasting sowing dates were tested over two seasons on a research station at Ishurdi in Bangladesh. Secondly, relay sowing was evaluated at the same location with six early-flowering lines and two control cultivars in two seasons. It was also assessed on ten farms in Western Bangladesh, comparing relay with sole cropping over 3 years. Flowering in the early-flowering lentil lines was consistently 9–17 days earlier, than the control cultivars, but they did not achieve an economic yield (<1·0 t/ha). Relay sowing with an existing cultivar produced an economic yield of lentil, which was comparable or higher than sole-cropped lentil in all situations. The relay-sown lentil matured in sufficient time to allow the land to be prepared for the succeeding rain-fed rice crop. It was concluded that the substitution of relay-sown lentil for fallow in the monsoonal rice–fallow–rain-fed rice cropping pattern is a useful option to intensify and diversify cropping in the Eastern Gangetic Plain.

Ecological foliar fertilization effects on essential oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in a field system

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilica Onofrei ◽  
Amina Benchennouf ◽  
Magdalena Jancheva ◽  
Sofia Loupassaki ◽  
Walid Ouaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Field System ◽  
Fertilization Effects

scholarly journals Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽  
Yaghoub RAEI ◽  
Rouhollah AMINI ◽  
Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽  
Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

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