Perceptually fluent features of study words do not inflate judgements of learning: evidence from font size, highlights, and Sans Forgetica font type

The outcomes for the previous experiment in this research indicated that students' attitudes differ according to the way of presenting the text and text layout. As the aim of the study was to investigate the three main typographic variables [font size, font type and line length] we will start by font size and font type. Much research has highlighted the character size as a factor in visual display, and reported that font size has a significant effect on readability of texts in both versions. Therefore, defining a readable font size for the Arabic language is the main focus of this experiment, taking into account the effect of one dependent variable, four controlled variables and two independent variables: content length and font type. Students were required to make different judgments of letter pairs, thus indicating which letters were distinguishable. Based on the findings of this experiment, subsequent experiments were designed. In addition, the findings of this experiment will be able to address the issues related to reading Arabic text from screen by children in relation to the following: RQ1: In which font size is the Arabic text read most effectively? RQ2: Is there any correlation between age of the reader and font size? RQ3: Which font type is more readable?

Download Full-text

ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY IN EYE-TRACKING

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s0272263112000927 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 389-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Patti Spinner ◽

Susan M. Gass ◽

Jennifer Behney

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Ecological Validity ◽

Font Size ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

New Directions ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Font Type ◽

Screen Layout

Eye-trackers are becoming increasingly widespread as a tool to investigate second language (L2) acquisition. Unfortunately, clear standards for methodology—including font size, font type, and placement of interest areas—are not yet available. Although many researchers stress the need for ecological validity—that is, the simulation of natural reading conditions—it may not be prudent to use such a design to investigate new directions in eye-tracking research, and particularly in research involving small lexical items such as articles. In this study, we examine whether two different screen layouts can lead to different results in an eye-tracking study on the L2 acquisition of Italian gender. The results of an experiment with an ecologically valid design are strikingly different than the results of an experiment with a design tailored to track eye movements to articles. We conclude that differences in screen layout can have significant effects on results and that it is crucial that researchers report screen layout information.

Download Full-text

High Readability of Font Type and Font Size Among Dyslexic Students

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2018.10773 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 1475-1478

Author(s):

Rozita Ismail ◽

Azizah Jaafar

Keyword(s):

Font Size ◽

Font Type ◽

Dyslexic Students

Download Full-text

Implicit Semantics Based Metadata Extraction and Matching of Scholarly Documents

Journal of Database Management ◽

10.4018/jdm.2018040101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Congfeng Jiang ◽

Junming Liu ◽

Dongyang Ou ◽

Yumei Wang ◽

Lifeng Yu

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Font Size ◽

Metadata Extraction ◽

Pipeline Program ◽

Font Type

The authors propose to use formatting templates and implicit formatting semantics information for automatic metadata identification and segmentation. The pure texts and their corresponding formatting information including line height, font type, and font size, are recognized in parallel to guide metadata identification. The authors use implicit formatting semantics, such as the change of formatting, formatting templates and implications, explicit formatting layouts, as well as predefined frequently occurred keywords database to increase the extraction accuracy. Unlike other OCR-based approaches, the authors use open source PDFBox package as the basic preprocessing tool to get pure texts and formatting values of the document contents. On top of PDFBox they built their own pipeline program, namely, PAXAT, to implement their approaches for metadata extraction. 10177 papers from arXiv, ACM, ACL and other publicly accessed and institution-subscribed sources are tested. The overall extraction accuracy of title, authors, affiliations, author-affiliation matching are 0.9798, 0.9425, 0.9298, and 0.9109, respectively.

Download Full-text

Louder = Larger = Clearer

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000427 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 228 (4) ◽

pp. 296-300

Author(s):

Beatrice G. Kuhlmann ◽

David J. Frank ◽

Daniel Danner

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Word Pair ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Past Research ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Font Size ◽

Latent Factors ◽

Common Cause ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Font Type

Abstract. Past research found robust metamemory illusions about the effects of font type, word-pair identity, volume, and font size on memory that are assumed to share a common cause, such as fluency. The current study simultaneously assessed all four metamemory illusions from vignettes alongside items assessing the belief that fluency benefits memory and that more is generally better. The typical metamemory illusions replicated in all samples. Confirmatory factor and structural equation modeling confirmed that at least the perceptual metamemory illusions (font type, volume, font size) can be explained by one latent factor, which was, however, not related to latent factors capturing the belief that fluency benefits memory or that more is better.

Download Full-text

Modeling Reader's Emotional State Response on Document's Typographic Elements

Advances in Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.1155/2011/206983 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dimitrios Tsonos ◽

Georgios Kouroupetroglou

Keyword(s):

Speech Synthesis ◽

Emotional State ◽

Emotional States ◽

Background Color ◽

Font Size ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Type Size ◽

Discrete Values ◽

Color Combinations ◽

Font Type

We present the results of an experimental study towards modeling the reader's emotional state variations induced by the typographic elements in electronic documents. Based on the dimensional theory of emotions we investigate how typographic elements, like font style (bold, italics, bold-italics) and font (type, size, color and background color), affect the reader's emotional states, namely, Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD). An experimental procedure was implemented conforming to International Affective Picture System guidelines and incorporating the Self-Assessment Manikin test. Thirty students participated in the experiment. The stimulus was a short paragraph of text for which any content, emotion, and/or domain dependent information was excluded. The Analysis of Variance revealed the dependency of (a) all the three emotional dimensions on font size and font/background color combinations and (b) the Pleasure dimension on font type and font style. We introduce a set of mapping rules showing how PAD vary on the discrete values of font style and font type elements. Moreover, we introduce a set of equations describing the PAD dimensions' dependency on font size. This novel model can contribute to the automated reader's emotional state extraction in order, for example, to enhance the acoustic rendition of the documents, utilizing text-to-speech synthesis.

Download Full-text