The detection of gravitational waves and the new era of multi-messenger astronomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
XiLong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
New Era

The New Messengers

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Universe

I present the momentous discovery of gravitational waves, announced in 2016, starting from a confused Einstein who in 1936 tries to convince the scientific community that gravitational waves cannot exist (!), and then illustrating the extraordinary insights and breakthroughs that led 2017 Nobel Prize winners B. Barish, K. Thorne and R. Weiss to open an entirely new window on the Universe. This achievement has marked the beginning of a new era in science, and upcoming experiments have the potential to truly revolutionize our understanding of the Universe. Accounts of the perception of extra-terrestrial reality with senses beyond sight, such as those offered by astronauts who have been on the Moon, are exceedingly rare. That is hardly unsurprising: touch and taste require direct contact, while hearing and smell operate only over short distances, and are in any case confined to the Earth’s thin shell of atmosphere. Sight, on the other hand, allows us to collect the electromagnetic waves emitted by extraordinarily remote celestial objects.

The Direct Detection of Gravitational Waves

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Alvaro De Rújula
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Space Time ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perfect Storm

Gravitational waves emitted by black hole mergers. The first LIGO event: GW150917, the coalescence of two black holes of twenty nine and thirty six solar masses into one of “only” sixty two. The remaining three solar masses were emitted as energy in gravitational waves, a gigantic and perfect storm in the fabric of space-time. This is the dawn of a new era: The opening of the third “window” through which to look at the sky. Yet another triumph of general relativity. How much progress astrophysics has made since my time as a student.

scholarly journals Recent searches for continuous gravitational waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (39) ◽  
pp. 1730035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Riles
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
New Era ◽  
Binary Neutron Star ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
Bose Einstein

Gravitational wave astronomy opened dramatically in September 2015 with the LIGO discovery of a distant and massive binary black hole coalescence. The more recent discovery of a binary neutron star merger, followed by a gamma ray burst (GRB) and a kilonova, reinforces the excitement of this new era, in which we may soon see other sources of gravitational waves, including continuous, nearly monochromatic signals. Potential continuous wave (CW) sources include rapidly spinning galactic neutron stars and more exotic possibilities, such as emission from axion Bose Einstein “clouds” surrounding black holes. Recent searches in Advanced LIGO data are presented, and prospects for more sensitive future searches are discussed.

scholarly journals Formation, propagation and detection of gravitational waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Mohamed Armoon Shaliq ◽  
Sharath Prasanna R. R., Sharath Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Early Theory ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
New Era ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Waves Propagation ◽  
New Form

Gravitational waves are a new form of energy that is too sensitive to measure. The study of gravitational waves paves a unique way to approach the new era of universal science. It is quite interesting to note that experimental proof of early theory of Einstein is successfully proven after many years. The manuscript depicts the concepts of gravitational waves, propagation of gravitational waves, its effect on objects on earth and various factors that affect the measurements along with their method of approach to detect gravitational waves. Detecting gravitational waves is a tedious process and it requires a very highly sensitive experimental setup to carry out the detection as well as on considering the current trend of technology it is observed that detection faceses massive limitations. Detection of gravitational waves  opens up a new way for understanding supermassive binary systems such as neutron stars and black holes and also for studying  on Early universe history.

Gravitational-wave observations from ground-based detectors

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1744002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjonnie G. F. Li
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Observational Astronomy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
The Universe

Recent detections of gravitational waves by the LIGO detectors herald a new era of observational astronomy. Previously invisible objects and phenomena may now be uncovered through their gravitational interaction. Observation of gravitational waves allows one to explore the extremes of the Universe and study astronomy and fundamental physics like never before. This article gives a brief overview of the detection process, from the production of the data to their physical implications.

scholarly journals Gravitational Wave Polarizations in f (R) Gravity and Scalar-Tensor Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yungui Gong ◽  
Shaoqi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Alternative Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Longitudinal Polarization ◽  
New Era ◽  
Tensor Theory ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Pulsar Timing Array ◽  
Scalar Mode

The detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory opens a new era to use gravitational waves to test alternative theories of gravity. We investigate the polarizations of gravitational waves in f (R) gravity and Horndeski theory, both containing scalar modes. These theories predict that in addition to the familiar + and × polarizations, there are transverse breathing and longitudinal polarizations excited by the massive scalar mode and the new polarization is a single mixed state. It would be very difficult to detect the longitudinal polarization by interferometers, while pulsar timing array may be the better tool to detect the longitudinal polarization.

The detection of circumbinary exoplanets through gravitational waves astronomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Danielski ◽  
Valeria Korol ◽  
Nicola Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
New Era ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electromagnetic Detection ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Exciting Development

<p>The discovery and study of exoplanets in their diversity is arguably one of the most exciting development in astronomy over the past 25 years, rivalled by the detection of gravitational waves.<br />In this talk I will merge these two fields presenting an original observational method which employs gravitational waves to detect exoplanets. In particular I will show how the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission will be able to observe Jupiter-like exoplanets orbiting white dwarfs binaries. This technique will allow us to both overcome the selection bias of current electromagnetic detection techniques, whose observations are limited to the Solar neighbourhood, and to search for post-main sequence exoplanets everywhere within the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds. Detections by LISA will deepen our knowledge on the life of exoplanets subsequent to the most extreme evolution phases of their hosts, clarifying whether new phases of planetary formation take place later in the life of the stars. Finally, in the spirit of the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, I will discuss the possibilities that could open for the field of exoplanets when standard electromagnetic techniques work in synergy with gravitational-wave astronomy.</p>

scholarly journals Gravitational waves from superradiant instabilities of rotating black holes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrobana Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
New Era ◽  
Compact Binary ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Rotating Black Holes ◽  
Shed Light

Direct detection of gravitational waves from several compact binary coalescences has ushered in a new era of astronomy. It has opened up the possibility of detecting ultralight bosons, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model, from their gravitational signatures. This is of particular interest as some of these hypothetical particles could be components of dark matter that are expected to interact very weakly with Standard Model particles, if at all, but they would gravitate as usual. Ultralight bosons can trigger superradiant instabilities of rotating black holes and form bosonic clouds that would emit gravitational waves. In this paper, we present an overview of such instabilities as gravitational wave sources and assess the ability of current and future detectors to shed light on potential dark matter candidates.

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

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