scholarly journals Effects of temperature alteration on viscosity, polymerization, and in-vivo arterial distribution of N-butyl cyanoacrylate-iodized oil mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Mine ◽  
Daisuke Yasui ◽  
Hidemasa Saito ◽  
Tatsuo Ueda ◽  
Taro Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Polymerization Time ◽  
Iodized Oil ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Purpose Temperature alteration can modify the polymerization of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-iodized oil mixtures during vascular embolization; its effects on viscosity, polymerization time, and intra-arterial distribution of the NBCA-iodized oil mixture were investigated. Materials and methods In vitro, the viscosities of NBCA, iodized oil, and NBCA-iodized oil mixtures (ratio, 1:1–8) were measured at 4–60 ºC using a rotational rheometer. The polymerization times (from contact with blood plasma to stasis) were recorded at 0–60 ºC using a high-speed video camera. In vivo, the 1:2 mixture was injected into rabbit renal arteries at 0, 20, and 60 ºC; intra-arterial distribution of the mixture was pathologically evaluated. Results The mixtures’ viscosities decreased as temperature increased; those at 60 ºC were almost four to five times lower than those at 4 ºC. The polymerization time of NBCA and the 1:1–4 mixtures increased as temperature decreased in the 0–30 ºC range; the degree of time prolongation increased as the percentage of iodized oil decreased. The 0 ºC group demonstrated distributions of the mixture within more peripheral arterial branches than the 20 and 60 ºC groups. Conclusion Warming reduces the mixture’s viscosity; cooling prolongs polymerization. Both can be potential factors to improve the handling of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures for lesions requiring peripheral delivery. Secondary abstract Temperature alteration influences the polymerization time, viscosity, and intra-arterial distribution of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures. Warming reduces the viscosity of the mixture, while cooling prolongs polymerization.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Tracheal Suctioning Catheter Motion and Secretion Amount Based on Viscosity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237796082096938
Author(s):  
Noriyo Colley ◽  
Shunsuke Komizunai ◽  
Atsushi Konno ◽  
Satoshi Kanai ◽  
Shinji Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
American Association ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Respiratory Care ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Catheter Technique ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Tracheal Suctioning

Background To provide safe tracheal suctioning, the American Association of Respiratory Care guideline discusses the length of suctioning catheter, but the most effective tracheal suctioning catheter technique is still unknown. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the amount of simulated secretion produced by five different handlings of a catheter at two different viscosities and in two different models to discover the most effective suctioning maneuver in the various mucus conditions. Design In vitro experimental design. Methods The amount of secretion aspirated by our researcher's manipulation of a suctioning catheter was measured. The tip of the catheter was recorded using a high-speed video camera to visualize the secretion motion. Results The most effective suctioning technique differed depending on the viscosity of the secretion. There were no significant differences between five suctioning methods applied to high-viscosity phlegm in a tracheal membrane model, but the flexion technique was the most efficient for low-viscosity secretion. Conclusions Our results imply that the flexion technique was reasonably safe and the most effective of these five methods for low-viscosity secretion.

In Vitro Determination of the Curvatures and Bending Strains Acting on the Leaflets of Polyurethane Trileaflet Heart Valves During Leaflet Motion

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Corden ◽  
T David ◽  
J Fisher
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Valve Operation

Leaflet tears originating from the free leaflet edge and calcification around the commissural region are common modes of failure exhibited by explanted bioprosthetic trileaflet heart valves. These may be a result of the cyclic bending and high levels of curvature that affect the leaflets within these areas during normal valve operation. These high leves of curvature occur in a short time period (approximately 20 ms) during rapid leaflet opening and to a lesser degree during leaflet closure. The curvatures that occur at the free leaflet edge of two designs of polyurethane trileaflet heart valve were determined in vitro at various stages during a cardiac cycle using a high-speed video camera (1000 frames/s). Significant deformations at the free leaflet edge were observed and bending radii as low as 0.55 ± 0.125 mm (mean ± standard deviation) were present during leaflet opening, 0.76 ± 0.24 mm during leaflet closure and 1.01 ± 0.27 mm while the valve was fully open during peak systole. The values of curvature were used to determine the values of bending strain and bending stress acting at the free leaflet edge using thin shell bending theory. The calculated values of bending strain were a maximum during the leaflet flexure associated with valve opening. These high levels of bending strain, which occur for short periods of time, are likely to be an important determinant of the valve's durability. It has been shown that the method of manufacture significantly influenced the level of bending strain in the valve leaflets. Valves manufactured using a dip-casting technique resulted in open leaflet bending strains up to 31 per cent lower than valves manufactured from solvent-cast sheets of polyurethane.

Properties of N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate–iodized Oil Mixtures for Arterial Embolization: In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Takasawa ◽  
Kazumasa Seiji ◽  
Kenichi Matsunaga ◽  
Toshio Matsuhashi ◽  
Makoto Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Iodized Oil ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Oil Mixtures

Aggregate formation of erythrocytes in postcapillary venules

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. H584-H590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangho Kim ◽  
Aleksander S. Popel ◽  
Marcos Intaglietta ◽  
Paul C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time

The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on erythrocyte aggregate formation in vivo. The movements of erythrocytes in postcapillary venules of the rat spinotrapezius muscle at various flow rates were recorded with a high-speed video camera before and after infusion of dextran 500. To distinguish aggregates, the following criteria were used: 1) a fixed distance (4 μm) between the center points of two adjacent cells, 2) lack of visible separation between the adjacent cells, and 3) movement of the adjacent cells in the same direction. Without dextran 500 infusion, 11 and 5% of erythrocytes formed aggregates in low (33.2 ± 28.3 s) and high pseudoshear (144.2 ± 58.3 s) conditions, respectively, based on the above criteria. After dextran 500 infusion, 53% of erythrocytes satisfied the criteria in the low pseudoshear condition (26.5 ± 17.0 s) and 13% of erythrocytes met the criteria in the high pseudoshear condition (240.0 ± 85.9 s), indicating erythrocyte aggregation is strongly associated with shear rate. Approximately 90% of aggregate formation occurred in a short time period (0.15–0.30 s after entering the venule) in a region 15 to 30 μm from the entrance. The time delay may reflect rheological entrance conditions in the venule.

A systematic characterization of the factors influencing polymerization and dynamic behavior of n-butyl cyanoacrylate

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill H Wang ◽  
Melfort Boulton ◽  
Donald H Lee ◽  
David M Pelz ◽  
Stephen P Lownie
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Polymerization Time ◽  
High Speed Video

IntroductionBrain arteriovenous malformations are abnormal connections between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary bed. Endovascular glue embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is an accepted form of treatment. The reported complication rates vary widely from 2% to 15%, and timing of polymerization appears to play a major role. Additionally, the interaction between NBCA and vessel surface as well as the presence of biological catalysts are poorly understood.MethodsPolymerization time was measured for mixtures of Lipiodol/NBCA of 50/50, 70/30, and 60/40. The influence of pH, temperature, and the presence of biological catalysts on polymerization time was investigated. Contact angles were measured on polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C), silicone, and endothelial surfaces in a submerged aqueous environment to assess physical surface interactions. High speed video analysis of glue injection through a microcatheter was performed to characterize simulated coaxial flow.ResultsNBCA polymerization rate increased with pH and temperature. A hydrophilic surface such as PVA-C was better than silicone at mimicking the physical properties of endothelium. Live endothelium provided a catalytic surface that at least doubled the rate of polymerization. Blood products further increased the polymerization rate in the following order (slowest to fastest): plasma, platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), and lysed RBCs. These factors could explain the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results reported in the current literature. High speed video analysis of NBCA injection showed dripping to jetting transition with significant wall effect which deviated from previous ideal assumptions.ConclusionsThe determinants of NBCA polymerization rate are multifactorial and dependent mainly on the presence of biological catalysts coupled with flow related wall interaction.

scholarly journals Detonation effects of shallow buried explosive in sandy soil on target plate acceleration in a small-scale blast test

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Hassan Zulkifli Abu ◽  
Ibrahim Aniza ◽  
Mohamad Nor Norazman
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time History ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Impact

Small-scale blast tests were carried out to observe and measure the influence of sandy soil towards explosive blast intensity. The tests were to simulate blast impact imparted by anti-vehicular landmine to a lightweight armoured vehicle (LAV). Time of occurrence of the three phases of detonation phase in soil with respect to upward translation time of the test apparatus were recorded using high-speed video camera. At the same time the target plate acceleration was measured using shock accelerometer. It was observed that target plate deformation took place at early stage of the detonation phase before the apparatus moved vertically upwards. Previous data of acceleration-time history and velocity-time history from air blast detonation were compared. It was observed that effects of soil funnelling on blast wave together with the impact from soil ejecta may have contributed to higher blast intensity that characterized detonation in soil, where detonation in soil demonstrated higher plate velocity compared to what occurred in air blast detonation.

In Situ Observation Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Solidification Phenomena and Solidification Cracks during Welding

2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kenji Shinozaki ◽  
Motomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kohta Kadoi ◽  
Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Solidification Cracking ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Varestraint Test ◽  
Solidification Cracks ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Solidification Crack

Solidification cracking during welding is very serious problem for practical use. Therefore, there are so many reports concerning solidification cracking. Normally, solidification cracking susceptibility of material is quantitatively evaluated using Trans-Varestraint test. On the other hand, local solidification cracking strain was tried to measure precisely using in-situ observation method, called MISO method about 30 years ago. Recently, digital high-speed video camera develops very fast and its image quality is very high. Therefore, we have started to observe solidification crack using in site observation method. In this paper, the local critical strain of a solidification crack was measured and the high temperature ductility curves of weld metals having different dilution ratios and different grain sizes to evaluate quantitatively the effects of dilution ratio and grain size on solidification cracking susceptibility by using an improved in situ observation method.

Study on Magnetic Barrel Machine Equipped with Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Magnets

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Masato Yoshioka ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Hira
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up

At present, a commercially available magnetic barrel machine equipped with permanent magnets has some faults arising from constructional reason. That is, grinding or finishing ability is different from place to place in the machining region, resulting in the limitation on the region we can use in the container of workpieces. Therefore, in this research, authors made the new magnetic barrel machine equipped with three dimensional (3D) magnet arrangement to overcome these faults. The grinding ability of the new 3D magnetic barrel machine converted was experimentally examined, and compared with that of the traditional magnetic barrel machine. As a result, it was shown that we can use much broader region in the new 3D machine. It was also shown that the grinding ability became higher. The distribution of barrel media in action was recorded by means of a high speed video camera. It was clarified that the media rose up higher and were distributed more uniformly in the container by the effect of the magnet block newly set up. It was supposed that this must be the reason for the above-mentioned improvement of grinding ability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document