scholarly journals Bowel habits and gender correlate with colon length measured by CT colonography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Utano ◽  
Koichi Nagata ◽  
Tetsuro Honda ◽  
Takashi Kato ◽  
Alan Kawarai Lefor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Entire Colon ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
Three Dimensional Measurement ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group B

Abstract Purpose CT colonography enables three-dimensional measurement of colon length. However, previous studies using CT colonography have not examined the association with gender, age, physique, a history of laparotomy and bowel habits, all possible contributory factors to colon length. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with colon length. Materials and methods We conducted a post hoc analysis based on data obtained from a previous multi-center trial including 321 patients with positive fecal immunochemical tests who underwent CT colonography. Colon length was measured using a computer-generated center line and was divided at the iliac crest level into the distal and proximal colons. Bowel habits were classified into three groups: A—daily; B—once every 2 or 3 days; and C—less than once in 3 days. Statistical comparison was made using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction. Results A total of 295 patients were analyzed. The entire colon length (cm, mean ± standard deviation) of individual patients was 150.3 ± 18.5 cm and ranged from 109.7 to 195.9 cm. The female colon was significantly longer than the male colon (154.3 ± 18.1 cm vs. 147.1 ± 18.3 cm; p = 0.022). Colon length showed trends associated with age (p = 0.18) and a history of laparotomy (p = 0.14). According to bowel habits, the entire colon measured 147.4 ± 17.9 in group A, 154.7 ± 18.5 in group B and 158.6 ± 18.3 in group C, and significant differences were observed for “A vs. C” (p = 0.002) and “A vs. B” (p = 0.014). In subgroup analysis by colon segment, the proximal colon trended similarly to the entire colon while there were no trends for the distal colon. Conclusions This study has clearly demonstrated that bowel habits and gender both correlate with the length of the entire colon measured by CT colonography, and in particular, the proximal colon. Secondary abstract Using CT colonography, we measured the colon length in 295 patients. The entire colon length was 150.3 ± 18.5 cm on average. Females and constipated (less frequent defecation) patients have a significantly longer colon, and in particular, the proximal colon. Colon length showed trends associated with age and a history of laparotomy.

scholarly journals Adenoma and Polyp Detection Rates in Colonoscopy according to Indication

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika S. Boroff ◽  
Molly Disbrow ◽  
Michael D. Crowell ◽  
Francisco C. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Colon Data

Background. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a validated quality measure for screening colonoscopy, but there are little data for other indications. The distribution of adenomas is not well described for these indications. Aim. To describe ADR and the adenoma distribution in the proximal and distal colon based on colonoscopy indication. Methods. Outpatient colonoscopies are subdivided by indication. PDR and ADR for the entire colon and for proximal and distal colon. Data were compared using generalized estimating equations to adjust for clustering amongst endoscopists while controlling for patient age and gender. Results. 3436 colonoscopies were reviewed (51.2%: men (n=1759)). Indications are screening 49.2%, surveillance 29.3%, change in bowel habit 8.4%, bleeding 5.8%, colitides 3.0%, pain 2.8%, and miscellaneous 1.5%. Overall ADR was 37% proximal ADR 28%, and distal ADR 17%. PDR and ADR were significantly higher in surveillance than in screening (PDR: 69% versus 51%; ADR: 50% versus 33%; p=0.0001). Adenomas were more often detected in the proximal than in the distal colon, for all indications. Conclusions. Prevalence of polyps and adenomas differs based on colonoscopy indication. Adenoma detection is highest in surveillance and more commonly detected in the proximal colon. For quality assurance, distinct ADR and PDR targets may need to be established for different colonoscopy indications.

Colorectal cancer survivorship statistics: A Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry analysis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. e267-e267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah L. Zullig ◽  
Valerie Smith ◽  
Susanne Danus ◽  
Merritt Schnell ◽  
Jennifer Lindquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Colon 26 ◽  
And Gender

e267 Background: Our objective was to evaluate VA CRC incidence and survival and compare with the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Methods: Data were obtained from VACCR for veterans diagnosed/treated in VA for incident CRC during fiscal years (FY) 2009-2012. Using VHA Support Service Center information about the distribution of VA healthcare system enrollees for corresponding years, we adjusted incidence rates for age and gender to the underlying VA population. Survival data were available through January 2015; thus, patients in the analysis had 3-6 years of follow-up data and were censored accordingly. CRC incidence and survival among VA patients was compared to projected national 2014 CRC-specific SEER and supporting data sources. Results: From FY 2009-2012, 12,551 patients (2.6% women; 97.4% men) were in the analytic cohort. Among VACCR patients, the most common tumor location was proximal colon (38%), followed by rectum (31%), distal colon (26%), and other colon (5%). This is comparable to SEER, in which proximal colon and rectum are most common. Among patients in the VACCR, SEER summary stage distribution was: 44% local, 36% regional, 17% distant and 4% unknown. This also aligns with SEER, in which approximately 40% of CRC cases are diagnosed locally. Mirroring SEER, overall VA CRC incidence rate decreased from 0.22 to 0.16 cases per 1,000 veterans in FYs 2009 and 2012. Evaluating survival, median follow-up time was 3.3 years among veterans. The 3-year survival rate for VA patients was 65.9%. Overall 3-year survival is slightly higher for rectal (66.4%) than for colon (65.6%). This is comparable to 5-year SEER survival rates (66.5% and 64.2% for rectal and colon, respectively). Also consistent with SEER, VA CRC patients < 65 have higher rates of 3-year survival than patients > 65 years (74.6% vs. 58.5%, respectively). Conclusions: VACCR data indicate that CRC incidence and survival in FY 2009-2012 approximated SEER projections during a similar timeframe. This suggests that, although VA patients are more complex than the general population, they are diagnosed with comparable CRC locations and stages.

scholarly journals Left appendage morphology as risk factors for cardio-embolism in patients with stroke of undetermined source

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nardi Agmon ◽  
R Barnea ◽  
G Shafir ◽  
E Auriel ◽  
S Peretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function ◽  
Valve Implantation

Abstract Background Left atrium (LA) volume and function and certain left atrial appendage (LAA) morphologies are known to be strongly associated with the risk of thrombus formation and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the role of LA parameters and LAA morphology in patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS). Purpose To assess LA volume and function and LAA morphologies in ESUS patients and the potential association with cardioembolic risk. Methods Twenty consecutive patients with ESUS who underwent contrast enhanced electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography (CT) as part of stroke etiology evaluation were matched by age and gender to patients with and without history of AF (twenty in each group) who had CT as part of standard evaluation before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. LA maximum (LAVmax) and minimum (LAVmin) volumes and function, measured as total emptying volume (LAEV) and total emptying fraction (LAEF) were assessed, and three- dimensional structures of the LA and LAA were constructed using the volume-rendered post-processing technique. Results The mean age of patients was 75.9±8.61, 76.1±8.52, 77.8±7.72) in the ESUS, AF and non-AF groups, respectively, with 11 (55%) females in each group. Compared to patients with ESUS, patients with AF showed significantly greater LAVmax (100.59±31.59 ml vs.155.78±63.15 ml, respectively, p=0.001) and LAVmin (71.38±30.69 ml vs. 140.73±64.60 ml; respectively, p&lt;0.001), while LAV max and LAVmin were similar, in patients with ESUS and non-AF. The distribution of LAA morphologies significantly differed between patients with ESUS and patients with AF and non-AF: 1 (5%) vs. 9 (45%) chicken-wing; 14 (70%) vs. 8 (40%) cauliflower; and 5 (25%) vs. 3 (15%) Cactus; respectively. Conclusion LA appendage morphology, but not LA volume, seems to be associated with ESUS. LAA morphologies with multiple lobes, cauliflower and cactus, seems to be associated with ESUS. Larger studies are needed to confirm these associations. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Restraint stress stimulates colonic motility via central corticotropin-releasing factor and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in conscious rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. G1037-G1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Hiroyuki Fukuda ◽  
Masahiro Iwa ◽  
Kiyoshi Tsukamoto ◽  
Hidenori Yanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Entire Colon ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Intracisternal Injection

Although restraint stress accelerates colonic transit via a central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the precise mechanism still remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that restraint stress and central CRF stimulate colonic motility and transit via a vagal pathway and 5-HT3 receptors of the proximal colon in rats. 51Cr was injected via the catheter positioned in the proximal colon to measure colonic transit. The rats were subjected to a restraint stress for 90 min or received intracisternal injection of CRF. Ninety minutes after the administration of 51Cr, the entire colon was removed, and the geometric center (GC) was calculated. Four force transducers were sutured on the proximal, mid, and distal colon to record colonic motility. Restraint stress accelerated colonic transit (GC of 6.7 ± 0.4, n = 6) compared with nonrestraint controls (GC of 5.1 ± 0.2, n = 6). Intracisternal injection of CRF (1.0 μg) also accelerated colonic transit (GC of 7.0 ± 0.2, n = 6) compared with saline-injected group (GC of 4.6 ± 0.5, n = 6). Restraint stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit was reduced by perivagal capsaicin treatment. Intracisternal injection of CRF antagonists (10 μg astressin) abolished restraint stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit. Stimulated colonic transit and motility induced by restraint stress and CRF were significantly reduced by the intraluminal administration of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (5 × 10−6 M; 1 ml) into the proximal colon. Restraint stress and intracisternal injection of CRF significantly increased the luminal content of 5-HT of the proximal colon. It is suggested that restraint stress stimulates colonic motility via central CRF and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in conscious rats.

Ouabain-sensitive K(+)-ATPase in epithelial cells from guinea pig distal colon

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. G506-G511 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Colonic Epithelial Cell ◽  
Entire Colon ◽  
Cell Homogenate ◽  
Crude Membrane Fraction

We have previously shown that an ouabain-sensitive H(+)-K+ exchange mechanism may be present in the apical membrane of guinea pig distal colon [Y. Suzuki and K. Kaneko. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 19): G979-G988, 1989]. The present study is aimed to demonstrate the presence of an ATPase responsible for this exchange. ATPase activity was determined in the crude membrane fraction of the colonic epithelial cell homogenate. ATPase activity under Na(+)-free conditions was increased by the addition of K+, with a half-maximal effect at 55 microM. This increase was completely abolished by 1 mM ouabain, suggesting the presence of an ouabain-sensitive K(+)-ATPase. The ouabain-sensitive K(+)-ATPase activity was inhibited by vanadate (100 microM) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (100 microM) but was resistant to oligomycin (4.5 micrograms/ml) and NaN3 (1 mM). The ouabain-sensitive K(+)-ATPase activity was observed in the distal but not in the proximal colon, whereas Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was distributed along the entire colon. Omeprazole (40 microM) reduced the colonic K(+)-ATPase activity by 31 +/- 6%, whereas it reduced the gastric K(+)-ATPase activity by 78 +/- 8%. These results suggest that the ouabain-sensitive K(+)-ATPase as demonstrated here is responsible for the colonic H(+)-K+ exchange. This ATPase could be similar to but is not identical with either Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase or gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase.

‘Of Neuter Gender, tho’ of Irish growth’: Charles Churchill's Fribble

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Declan William Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Direct Response ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
David Garrick ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Identity ◽  
Eighth Edition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Drury Lane ◽  
Fitzpatrick Functions

This essay argues that the work of a lesser-known mid-eighteenth-century satirist Charles Churchill (1731–1764) provides a rich literary source for queer historical considerations of the conflation of xenophobia with effeminophobia in colonial imaginings of Ireland. This article analyzes Churchill's verse-satire The Rosciad (1761) through a queer lens in order to reengage the complex history of queer figurations of Ireland and the Irish within the British popular imagination. In the eighth edition of The Rosciad – a popular and controversial survey of London's contemporary players – Churchill portrays the Irish actor Thady Fitzpatrick as an effeminate fribble, before championing the manly acting abilities of the English actor David Garrick. The phobic attack on Fitzpatrick in The Rosciad is a direct response to Fitzpatrick's involvement in the ‘Fitzgiggo’ riots of January 1763 at the Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres. While Churchill's lampooning of the actor recalls Garrick's earlier satirizing of Fitzpatrick as a fribble in The Fribbleriad (1741) and Miss in her Teens (1747), The Rosciad is unique in its explicit conflation of androgyny with ethnicity through Irish classification. The portraiture of Fitzpatrick functions, alongside interrelated axes of ethnicity, class and gender, to prohibit access to a ‘normative’ middle-class English identity, figured through the ‘manly’ theatrical sensibility of the poem's hero, Garrick. Moreover, in celebrating a ‘Truly British Age’, the poem privileges English female players, in essentialist and curiously de-eroticized terms, as ‘natural’ though flawed performers. By analyzing Churchill's phobic juxtaposition of Garrick and the female players against the Irish fribble, this article evinces how mid-century discourses of effeminacy were also instrumental in enforcing racial taxonomies.

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