scholarly journals Cultural Competency Interventions During Medical School: a Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-577
Author(s):  
Juan R. Deliz ◽  
Fayola F. Fears ◽  
Kai E. Jones ◽  
Jenny Tobat ◽  
Douglas Char ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Narrative Synthesis

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Professional Identity Formation in Undergraduate Medical Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Sarraf-Yazdi ◽  
Yao Neng Teo ◽  
Ashley Ern Hui How ◽  
Yao Hao Teo ◽  
Sherill Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Professional Identity Formation ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Content Analyses

Abstract Background Professional identity formation (PIF) in medical students is a multifactorial phenomenon, shaped by ways that clinical and non-clinical experiences, expectations and environmental factors merge with individual values, beliefs and obligations. The relationship between students’ evolving professional identity and self-identity or personhood remains ill-defined, making it challenging for medical schools to support PIF systematically and strategically. Primarily, to capture prevailing literature on PIF in medical school education, and secondarily, to ascertain how PIF influences on medical students may be viewed through the lens of the ring theory of personhood (RToP) and to identify ways that medical schools support PIF. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted using the systematic evidence-based approach. Articles published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2020 related to PIF in medical students were searched using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Scopus. Articles of all study designs (quantitative and qualitative), published or translated into English, were included. Concurrent thematic and directed content analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results A total of 10443 abstracts were identified, 272 full-text articles evaluated, and 76 articles included. Thematic and directed content analyses revealed similar themes and categories as follows: characteristics of PIF in relation to professionalism, role of socialization in PIF, PIF enablers and barriers, and medical school approaches to supporting PIF. Discussion PIF involves iterative construction, deconstruction and inculcation of professional beliefs, values and behaviours into a pre-existent identity. Through the lens of RToP, factors were elucidated that promote or hinder students’ identity development on individual, relational or societal levels. If inadequately or inappropriately supported, enabling factors become barriers to PIF. Medical schools employ an all-encompassing approach to support PIF, illuminating the need for distinct and deliberate longitudinal monitoring and mentoring to foster students’ balanced integration of personal and professional identities over time.

scholarly journals Approaches to incorporating indigenous health into the Canadian medical school curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Danielle Robinson ◽  
Chowdhury Anika Saiva ◽  
Purathani Shanmuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Status Disparities ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Canadian Medical School ◽  
Health Curriculum ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Significant Health

In Canada, there are significant health status disparities that exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Cultural competency among physicians is a probable way to address this large gap. The purpose of this article is to discuss the current challenges that exist in designing and delivering an Indigenous health curriculum in Canadian undergraduate medical school programs. This article will highlight the importance of cultural competency for improving the health outcomes of Indigenous populations. Additionally, it will explore potential approaches for better integration of Indigenous health into medical curricula.

scholarly journals Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Kalhor ◽  
Eesa Mohammadi ◽  
Shadab Shahali ◽  
Leila Amini ◽  
Lida Moghaddam-Banaem
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOs) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women throughout the world affecting their sexual/ reproductive health (SRH). Objective: This scoping review aims to identify SRH needs of women with PCOs Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Ovid and the Cochrane Library were screened from 2000 to 2019. English or Persian peer reviewed and gray literature sources were included. In the primary search, 52 articles were obtained; and finally by narrative synthesis framework for quality assessment, and data analysis and synthesis 27 articles were analyzed. Results: From the 27 selected articles, 9 main themes were obtained i.e.: Complications and problems affecting patients, Lifelong effect of PCOs on reproductive patterns , PCOs and adverse reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, Information needs and preferences of patients about health outcomes and their application for treatment and management of lifelong health outcomes, Financial burden of disease, The effect of PCOs on life experiences and quality of life of affected women, Sexual disorders, Psychological concerns and issues, Femininity feelings and roles Conclusion: Comparison of the 9 themes developed in this study with SRH needs in women, revealed that some of the issues, such as psychological challenges, patients' femininity feelings and roles and financial burden of disease have been ignored in providing SRH services, and should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of cultural competence education in enhancing knowledge acquisition, performance, attitudes, and student satisfaction among undergraduate health science students: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Elio Arruzza ◽  
Minh Chau
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Science Disciplines

Purpose: Cultural competence in healthcare assists in the delivery of culturally sensitive and high-quality services. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence and to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based intervention strategies used to enhance the cultural competence of undergraduate health science students.Methods: A comprehensive and systematic literature search was undertaken in databases, including Cochrane Library, Medline, and Emcare. Articles were eligible if they employed an experimental study design to assess classroom-based cultural competency education for university students across the health science disciplines. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted relevant data pertaining to study and participant characteristics using a charting table. The outcomes included knowledge, attitudes, skills, and perceived benefits.Results: Ten studies were analysed. Diverse approaches to cultural education exist in terms of the mode, frequency, and duration of interventions. For the knowledge outcome, students who experienced cultural education interventions yielded higher post-test scores than their baseline cultural knowledge, but without a significant difference from the scores of students who did not receive interventions. Data relating to the skills domain demonstrated positive effects for students after experiencing interventions. Overall, students were satisfied with their experiences and demonstrated improvements in confidence and attitudes towards culturally competent practice.Conclusion: Across health science disciplines, cultural competency interventions were shown to be effective in enhancing knowledge acquisition, performance of skills, attitudes, and student satisfaction. Future research is necessary to address the significant absence of control arms in the current literature, and to assess long-term effects and patient-related outcomes.

Coping in patients with pancreatic cancer: a scoping review and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003266
Author(s):  
Patrick Ristau ◽  
Claudia Oetting-Roß ◽  
Andreas Büscher
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cancer Experience ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Disease Specific

IntroductionPancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with one of the highest cancer-specific mortality rates. Coping with it probably differs from other malignant diseases. This scoping review was intended to explore and characterise academic literature related to the coping in patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsEight databases were searched for primary and secondary studies and reviews reporting on coping with pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) in adults in English or German language, regardless of publication date or study design, which were then analysed and summarised by narrative synthesis.ResultsOf 1472 publications identified, 9 articles and book contributions published from 1989 to 2020 in the USA, Europe and Australia met the inclusion criteria. The two main aspects covered were the confrontation with coping tasks, and the reciprocally associated coping with these challenges. In particular, the coping tasks revealed some pancreatic cancer-specific features, such as an increased incidence of depression and anxiety or certain digestive problems, whereas applying of coping strategies seems to be more like the coping behaviours known from the literature for other severe or cancer diseases.ConclusionsPatients with pancreatic cancer experience various health issues and face various quality of life changes and coping tasks. Disease-specific contextual factors, usually consisting of late diagnosis at an advanced stage, rapid progression and often poor prognosis, as well as disease-specific challenges are major differences compared with other malignancies or serious illnesses. However, the coping strategies applied do not seem to differ in principle. Currently, no pancreatic cancer-specific coping model exists.

scholarly journals What empirical research has been undertaken on the ethics of clinical research in India? A systematic scoping review and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e004729
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Paramasivan ◽  
Philippa Davies ◽  
Alison Richards ◽  
Julia Wade ◽  
Leila Rooshenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range

IntroductionThe post-2005 rise in clinical trials and clinical research conducted in India was accompanied by frequent reports of unethical practices, leading to a series of regulatory changes. We conducted a systematic scoping review to obtain an overview of empirical research pertaining to the ethics of clinical trials/research in India.MethodsOur search strategy combined terms related to ethics/bioethics, informed consent, clinical trials/research and India, across nine databases, up to November 2019. Peer-reviewed research exploring ethical aspects of clinical trials/research in India with any stakeholder groups was included. We developed an evidence map, undertook a narrative synthesis and identified research gaps. A consultation exercise with stakeholders in India helped contextualise the review and identify additional research priorities.ResultsTitles/Abstracts of 9699 articles were screened, full text of 282 obtained and 80 were included. Research on the ethics of clinical trials/research covered a wide range of topics, often conducted with little to no funding. Studies predominantly examined what lay (patients/public) and professional participants (eg, healthcare staff/students/faculty) know about topics such as research ethics or understand from the information given to obtain their consent for research participation. Easily accessible groups, namely ethics committee members and healthcare students were frequently researched. Research gaps included developing a better understanding of the recruitment-informed consent process, including the doctor-patient interaction, in multiple contexts and exploring issues of equity and justice in clinical trials/research.ConclusionThe review demonstrates that while a wide range of topics have been studied in India, the focus is largely on assessing knowledge levels across different population groups. This is a useful starting point, but fundamental questions remain unanswered about informed consent processes and broader issues of inequity that pervade the clinical trials/research landscape. A priority-setting exercise and appropriate funding mechanisms to support researchers in India would help improve the clinical trials/research ecosystem.

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