scholarly journals Carbon stock and sink economic values of forest ecosystem in the forest industry region of Heilongjiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

AbstractThe values of forest carbon stock (CSV) and carbon sink (COV) are important topics in the global carbon cycle. We quantitatively analyzed the factors affecting changes in both for forest ecosystem in 2000−2015. With multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, we obtained the factors that had a significant impact on changes of CSV and COV, and then the impacts of these variables on CSV and COV were used for further quantitative analysis using the vector autoregressive model. Our results indicated that both stand age and afforestation area positively affect CSV and COV; however, the forest enterprise gross output value negatively affects CSV. Stand age has the largest long-term cumulative impact on CSV and COV, reaching 40.4% and 9.8%, respectively. The impact of enterprise gross output value and afforestation area on CSV and COV is the smallest, reaching 4.0% and 0.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care in Canada: does it make a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poldrugovac ◽  
J E Amuah ◽  
H Wei-Randall ◽  
P Sidhom ◽  
K Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence of the impact of public reporting of healthcare performance on quality improvement is not yet sufficient to draw conclusions with certainty, despite the important policy implications. This study explored the impact of implementing public reporting of performance indicators of long-term care facilities in Canada. The objective was to analyse whether improvements can be observed in performance measures after publication. Methods We considered 16 performance indicators in long-term care in Canada, 8 of which are publicly reported at a facility level, while the other 8 are privately reported. We analysed data from the Continuing Care Reporting System managed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and based on information collection with RAI-MDS 2.0 © between the fiscal years 2011 and 2018. A multilevel model was developed to analyse time trends, before and after publication, which started in 2015. The analysis was also stratified by key sample characteristics, such as the facilities' jurisdiction, size, urban or rural location and performance prior to publication. Results Data from 1087 long-term care facilities were included. Among the 8 publicly reported indicators, the trend in the period after publication did not change significantly in 5 cases, improved in 2 cases and worsened in 1 case. Among the 8 privately reported indicators, no change was observed in 7, and worsening in 1 indicator. The stratification of the data suggests that for those indicators that were already improving prior to public reporting, there was either no change in trend or there was a decrease in the rate of improvement after publication. For those indicators that showed a worsening trend prior to public reporting, the contrary was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest public reporting of performance data can support change. The trends of performance indicators prior to publication appear to have an impact on whether further change will occur after publication. Key messages Public reporting is likely one of the factors affecting change in performance in long-term care facilities. Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care facilities may support improvements in particular in cases where improvement was not observed before publication.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock Variation along altitudinal gradient of Wacho Forest in Hawa Galan District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Gashu ◽  
Gebre Gidey ◽  
Sime Deressa ◽  
Zame Fekansa ◽  
Halid Awoke
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Break ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract Background Forest ecosystem plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle; as such, mitigating high atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by naturally taking carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Verification and accounting of carbon stock in forest ecosystem have been renowned as a potential strategy to reduce and stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas. Forest sequesters and store more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem and it is an important natural break on climate change. It acts as a carbon reservoir by storing large amount of carbon in trees, undergrowth vegetation, forest floor and soil. Result The mean carbon stock of each carbon pool was changed along altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean above and below ground carbon stock was found in the second altitudinal class(1560.01-1643m) followed by first altitudinal class(1435-1560m) and the third altitudinal class (1643.01-1704m) of the study area. The largest mean dead tree and dead wood carbon stock was also stored in the first altitudinal class followed by the third and the second altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean litter carbon stock was found in the first altitudinal class followed by the second and the third altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean soil organic carbon was found in the third altitudinal class followed by the second and the first altitudinal class of the study area. Conclusions The carbon stock variation along altitudinal gradients indicated that, altitude had no a statistically significant effect on any of the carbon pools except litter carbon of the study area at 95% of confidence interval.

Effect of forest management on the formation and stability of phytolith and PhytOC in forest ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xu ◽  
Yongjun Shi ◽  
Wanjie Lv ◽  
Zhengwen Niu ◽  
Ning Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>Forest ecosystem has a high carbon sequestration capacity and plays a crucial role in maintaining global carbon balance and climate change. Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC), a promising long-term biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanism, has attracted more attentions in the global carbon cycle and the regulation of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, it is of practical significance to investigate the PhytOC accumulation in forest ecosystems. Previous studies have mostly focused on the estimation of the content and storage of PhytOC, while there were still few studies on how the management practices affect the PhytOC content. Here, this study focused on the effects of four management practices (compound fertilization, silicon fertilization, cut and control) on the increase of phytolith and PhytOC in Moso bamboo forests. We found that silicon fertilization had a greater potential to significantly promote the capacity of carbon sequestration in Moso bamboo forests. this finding positively corresponds recent studies that the application of silicon fertilizers (e.g., biochar) increase the Si uptake<strong><sup>1</sup></strong> to promote phytolith accumulation and its PhytOC sequestration in the plant-soil system<strong><sup>2</sup></strong>. Of course, the above-mentioned document<strong><sup>2</sup></strong> also had their own shortcomings, i.e., the experimental research time was not long, lacking long-term follow-up trial and the bamboo forest parts were also limited, so that the test results lack certain reliability. We have set up a long-term experiment plot to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on the formation and stability of phytolith and PhytOC in Moso bamboo forests. But anyway, different forest management practices, especially the application of high-efficiency silicon-rich fertilizers<strong><sup>1</sup></strong>, may be an effective way to increase the phytolith and PhytOC storage in forest ecosystems, and thereby improve the long-term CO<sub>2 </sub>sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems. Research in this study provides a good "forest plan" to achieve their national voluntary emission reduction commitments and achieves carbon neutrality goals for all over the world.</p><p>Refences:</p><p><sup>1</sup>Li et al., 2019. Plant and soil, 438(1-2), pp.187-203.</p><p><sup>2</sup>Huang et al., 2020, Science of The Total Environment, 715, p.136846.</p>

scholarly journals Lifestyle and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2096306
Author(s):  
Tove Sohlberg ◽  
Karin Helmersson Bergmark
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Maintenance

Background: Since smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, discouraging smoking initiation, encouraging smoking cessation, and exploring factors that help individuals to stay smoke free are immensely important. One such relevant factor may be the impact of lifestyle for long-term smoking cessation. Method: A representative sample of successful quitters was recruited for a study about smoking cessation. These respondents are now part of a 7-year follow-up with the overall aim of revealing factors affecting long-term smoking cessation. Descriptive analyses were carried out at baseline and at follow-up, as well as a further two-step cluster analysis to explore profiles of long-term smoke-free individuals. Results: A majority did not make any particular lifestyle changes, but among those who did, most adopted a healthier lifestyle and/or increased their quota of physical training, where permanent changes in this direction seem to promote a more enduring smoke-free life. Conclusions: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Swedish health care institutions should be able to provide support for this both initially and over time to promote the long-term maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.

IMPACTS OF EXTERNAL SHOCKS ON ASIAN ECONOMIES: PANEL VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE REGRESSION WITH LATENT DYNAMIC COMPONENTS APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350026
Author(s):  
DOO YONG YANG
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Asian Crisis ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Dynamic Components ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the effects of external shocks on emerging Asian economies. Since the Asian crisis of 1997–1998, the impact of external shocks on regional economies has grown important in the Asian business cycles as well as in the decision-making process of macroeconomic policies, as emerging Asian economies have become more integrated with the global economy. This paper designs a state-space representation of the panel vector autoregressive model with latent dynamic components in order to show the impulse response function of three external shocks including real income shock, financial shock, and long-term real interest rate shock. This paper finds the external real gross domestic product shock as a dominant one in emerging Asia. The shock has been persistent and has carried long-term effects on emerging Asia before and after the Asian crisis. Second, the external equity shock has also been an important factor influencing the business cycles in the region after the Asian crisis, while the effect has been insignificant before the Asian crisis. Last, the external monetary shock has presumably mitigated effectively by Asia's macroeconomic policy, but it has forced to give up monetary independency in the region.

A Phenomenological Analysis of Long-Term Recollections of an Interpretive Program

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Knapp ◽  
Li-Ling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
The Impact

This study used a phenomenological approach to investigate the recollections of participants of an interpretive experience. Four individuals who participated in an interpretive program during July of 1999 were interviewed in the fall of 2000. Six factors relating to the participants’ memory were identified after the interview data was analyzed and cross-examined. The six factors were novelty, personal significance, speaker qualities, activities that occur during learning, prior knowledge/misconceptions, and visual imagery. Three of these themes related to factors affecting what they paid attention to during the interpretive program. These were identified as novelty, personal significance, and speaker qualities. The three other themes developed from the participants’ responses (activities that occur during learning, prior knowledge/misconceptions and visual imagery) were associated with factors that influence the specific ways in which learners store information in long-term memory. The findings of this small sample may not be generalized, but they do have important implications with regard to the impact of recall of an interpretive experience.

scholarly journals Impacts of COVID on University’s Finances

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Pier-André Bouchard St-Amant ◽  
Yanick Wilfred Tadjiogue ◽  
Lucie Raymond-Brousseau ◽  
Camille Fortier-Martineau ◽  
Franck-Aurelien Tchokouagueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Models ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
The Impact

Did universities benefit from the pandemic? Some did receive more funding than usual. We use vector autoregressive models to forecast both enrollment and public subsidies in a jurisdiction where public funding depends mostly on enrollment. Using unemployment as an established proxy for the impact of recessions on enrollment, we show that the recent COVID pandemic increases pressure on public subsidies. Further, we use our forecasts to decompose the current subsidies between long-term subsidies, recession induced subsidies, and additional funding. We find that the subsidies given during the pandemic were higher than what a typical recession would command for 8 universities out of 18.

scholarly journals Connection of Investment Activity and Digitalization in the Megacities of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
L. M. Bekenova ◽  
V. A. Korvyakov ◽  
I. M. Drapkin
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of digitalization factors on the investment activity of the largest cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. During the research, the methods of correlation analysis, indexing, comparison, generalization, and synthesis were applied. The scientific novelty of the study lies in assessing the impact of digitalization on the investment potential of cities. The authors selected and analyzed indicators for assessing the level of digitalization of the megalopolises of the Republic of Kazakhstan; the methodology was modified and the level of digitalization of cities of republican significance of the Republic of Kazakhstan was assessed, conclusions were drawn about the current and future potential of digitalization as a factor in increasing the investment attractiveness of these cities. General conclusions were made that for Almaty and Nur-Sultan, digitalization is already a good factor in attracting investment, while Shymkent needs enhanced development of digital infrastructure for it to become a factor in increasing investment activity in the city. The research results can be used both in the formation of long-term plans for the development of these cities, and as a basis for further research in this direction. Prospects for further research on this topic - in increasing the available reliable and relevant data through the collection of official statistics, expanding the range of digitalization factors affecting investment activity and the use of more comprehensive assessment methods that will determine not only the closeness of the relationship, but also the exact value of the effects of factors each other.

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