scholarly journals Is Gastric Involvement by Strongyloides stercoralis in an Immunocompetent Patient a Common Finding? A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pecorella ◽  
Tom Richard Okello ◽  
Gaia Ciardi ◽  
David Martin Ogwang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Cell

Abstract Purpose Gastric infection with Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. The unexpected observation of this parasite in an otherwise healthy young lady who had undergone upper endoscopy and biopsy sampling of the gastro-duodenal mucosa, prompted us to review the literature to ascertain the conditions favouring gastric colonization by SS. Methods Pathology files of gastroduodenal biopsies received at St. Mary’s hospital, Northern Uganda, between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. Pubmed search was performed under the headings “Strongyloides stercoralis”, “Gastric parasitosis”. Results Histology of the only gastroduodenal biopsy with SS infection showed parasite eggs, immature rhabditiform larvae, and numerous adult worms in gastric pits and rhabditiform larvae in interepithelial parasitic tunnels, causing reactive changes of the glandular epithelium. There was no significant acute inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounding the parasites. Literature review showed that gastric SS infection appears to be very uncommon and was, as expected, largely prevalent in immunodeficient individuals (84.2% of published cases). The rare gastric SS infection is a complication of systemic strongyloidiasis, either hyperinfective, or disseminated form. It is also commonly associated with duodenal infection at microscopical examination. Conclusion Involvement of gastric mucosa in the absence of duodenal strongyloidiasis appears to be quite rare and false-negative histopathological exams are reported if only the stomach is biopsied.

Coeliac disease in the older patient

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
CJ Quinn ◽  
PE Cotter ◽  
FM Stevens ◽  
ST O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Small Intestinal

Coeliac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy caused by intolerance to gluten in genetically susceptible people. The first description of the coeliac lesion was provided in 1954 by Paulley et al, who examined full-thickness biopsy specimens taken at laparotomy from a patient with CD. They referred to broad flat villi and a dense chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the small intestinal mucosa. Following this, the use of unguided suction biopsy devices, such as the Crosby capsule, allowed the study of patients with malabsorption. The advent of fibreoptic endoscopy as a diagnostic tool has led to extensive study of the duodenal mucosa in less florid forms of CD.

Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Is It All About Glycemia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3112-3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vecchié ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Federico Carbone ◽  
Franco Dallegri ◽  
Aldo Bonaventura
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Independent Entity ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Background: Diabetes is increasing over time, mainly driven by obesity, aging, and urbanization. Classical macro- and microvascular complications represent the final result of a complex interplay involving atherosclerosis at all stages. Methods: In this review, we aim at focusing on current updates in the pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes and discussing how new therapies might influence the management of these patients at high cardiovascular risk. Diabetes shows accelerated atherosclerosis with a larger inflammatory cell infiltrate, thus favoring the development of heart failure. ‘Diabetic cardiomyopathy’ perfectly describes a specific ischemia- and hypertension- independent entity due to diabetes-related metabolic alterations on myocardial function. Moreover, platelets from subjects with diabetes display a typical hyperreactivity explaining the stronger adhesion, activation, and aggregation. Additionally, diabetes provokes an exaggerated stimulation of the endothelium, with an increased release of reactive oxygen species and a reduced release of nitric oxide, both key elements of the endothelial dysfunction. Also, the coagulation cascade and leukocytes activate contributing to this pro-thrombotic environment. Neutrophils have been recently recognized to play a pivotal role by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Finally, microparticles from platelets, neutrophils or monocytes are detrimental effectors on the vessel wall and are involved both in vascular dysfunction and in thrombotic complications. Conclusion: In light of these findings, the therapeutic management of diabetes needs to be mostly focused on limiting the progression of complications by targeting precise pathophysiological mechanisms rather than the mere glycemic control, which failed to markedly reduce the risk for macrovascular complications and mortality.

scholarly journals Higher Number of EBI3 Cells in Mucosal Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis May Serve to Regulate IL-17-Producing Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Ailish Williams ◽  
Helen Rogers ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Xiao-Qing Wei ◽  
Damian Farnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cell Infiltrate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Squamous Cell Papilloma ◽  
Oral Lichen

Previous research into the inflammatory cell infiltrate of chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) determined that the immune response is primarily composed of T cells, the majority of which are T helper (CD4+) cells. This present investigation used immunohistochemistry to further delineate the inflammatory cell infiltrate in CHC. Cells profiled were those expressing IL-17A cytokine, EBI3 and IL-12A subunits of the IL-35 cytokine, and FoxP3+ cells. Squamous cell papilloma (with Candida infection) and oral lichen planus tissues served as comparative controls to understand the local immune responses to Candida infection. The results demonstrated that Candida-induced inflammation and immune regulation co-exist in the oral mucosa of CHC and that high prevalence of cells expressing the EBI3 cytokine subunit may play an important role in this regulation. This balance between inflammation and immune tolerance toward invading Candida in the oral mucosa may be critical in determining progress of infection.

Histopathology of Gastric and Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis Locations in Fifteen Immunocompromised Subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rivasi ◽  
Silvio Pampiglione ◽  
Renzo Boldorini ◽  
Loredana Cardinale
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Abstract Context.—Strongyloidiasis is a worldwide parasitic infection affecting approximately 75 million people. In Italy, it was more prevalent in the past among rural populations of irrigated areas. Objective.—To determine the histopathologic alterations of the gastric and duodenal mucosa associated with the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis parasites. Design.—Fifteen cases of strongyloidiasis were observed in immunocompromised patients during a recent 6-year period in Italy. S stercoralis was found histologically in gastric biopsies (10 cases), in a gastrectomy (1 case), and in duodenal biopsies (9 cases). In 5 cases the parasite was present both in gastric and duodenal biopsies. Four patients were affected by lymphoma, 2 by multiple myeloma, 2 by gastric carcinoma, 1 by chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 by sideroblastic anemia, 1 by colorectal adenocarcinoma, 1 by chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, 1 by chronic gastritis, 1 by gastric ulcers, and 1 by rheumatoid arthritis in corticosteroid therapy. No patient was affected by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Strongyloidiasis was not clinically diagnosed. Results.—Histologic examination revealed several sections of S stercoralis larvae, many eggs, and some adult forms. All the parasites were located in the gastric and/or the duodenal crypts. Eosinophils infiltrating into the lamina propria were found in all cases; their intensity was correlated with the intensity of the infection. Conclusions.—Histologic diagnosis of strongyloidiasis must be taken into consideration when examining both gastric and duodenal biopsies in immunocompromised patients, to avoid the development of an overwhelming infection of the parasite, which is dangerous for the life of the patient.

scholarly journals Expression of ICAM-1 and Acute Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in the Early Phase of Radiation Colitis in Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUJI IKEDA ◽  
MASAHIRO ITO ◽  
MUTSUMI MATSUU ◽  
KAZUKO SHICHIJO ◽  
EIICHIRO FUKUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Radiation Colitis ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Cell

scholarly journals Uterine Perforation with Omental Prolapse in a Case of Unsafe Abortion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinitha S Sangam ◽  
Nirmala M Jayakumar ◽  
Laxmi V Yaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Past History ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
Omental Fat

We report a rare case of prolapsed omentum presenting as mass per vagina in a 24 year old unmarried female following dilatation and curettage for termination of pregnancy by unqualified physician. Patient presented to Obstetrics and gynaecology (OBG) outpatient with bleeding per vagina since 15 days. Per speculum examination showed a greyish yellow mass protruding through cervical os into the vagina. Ultrasonography showed defect in the fundus of uterus. Past history revealed, she had undergone medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) outside at 5th month of gestation by nonallopathic doctor. Emergency laparotomy was done. Histopathologic examination of mass showed omental fat arranged in lobules with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Uterine perforation is a well known complication of induced abortion. Although most uterine perforations at the time of curettage during abortion go unrecognized, serious complications do occur. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4264 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 145-147   

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation on pulmonary hemodynamics and emphysema development in guinea pigs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. L222-L234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Paul ◽  
Isabel Blanco ◽  
Daniel Aguilar ◽  
Olga Tura-Ceide ◽  
Cristina Bonjoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Vessel Remodeling

We have analyzed the effect of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272 in a therapeutic intervention in guinea pigs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). The effects of sGC stimulation on respiratory function, pulmonary hemodynamics, airspace size, vessel remodeling, and inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs were evaluated in animals that had been exposed to CS for 3 mo. CS exposure was continued for an additional 3 mo in half of the animals and withdrawn in the other half. Animals that stopped CS exposure had slightly lower pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy than those who continued CS exposure, but they did not recover from the emphysema and the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Conversely, oral BAY 41-2272 administration stopped progression or even reversed the CS-induced emphysema in both current and former smokers, respectively. Furthermore, BAY 41-2272 produced a reduction in the RV hypertrophy, which correlated with a decrease in the PAP values. By contrast, the degree of vessel remodeling induced by CS remained unchanged in the treated animals. Functional network analysis suggested perforin/granzyme pathway downregulation as an action mechanism capable of stopping the progression of emphysema after sGC stimulation. The pathway analysis also showed normalization of the expression of cGMP-dependent serine/kinases. In conclusion, in guinea pigs chronically exposed to CS, sGC stimulation exerts beneficial effects on the lung parenchyma and the pulmonary vasculature, suggesting that sGC stimulators might be a potential alternative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment that deserves further evaluation.

scholarly journals DNA Vaccines: MHC II-Targeted Vaccine Protein Produced by Transfected Muscle Fibres Induces a Local Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e108069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom-Ole Løvås ◽  
Jo C. Bruusgaard ◽  
Inger Øynebråten ◽  
Kristian Gundersen ◽  
Bjarne Bogen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Mhc Ii
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