Sustainability Report Evolution

This chapter is a unique case study that aims to present the evolution of non-financial reporting in Nestlé Portugal from 2007 to 2016 with the aim to study in-depth the Nestlé sustainability report practices. This study proposes to identify the key milestones in the evolution of this type of report, to compare with the disclosure strategy of Nestlé international, to understand if this company follow the IIRC guidelines, to identify the contribution of the audit by an independent entity, to conclude if Nestlé contributes to the achieving of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and to identify if the awards Nestlé received matter in its sustainability initiatives. Public institutional information was preferably used, particularly the sustainability report and integrated report, processed with various work tools using the technique of content analysis. The conclusions made it possible to understand that Nestlé emerges as a company that integrates these issues into its strategy and can be a model for companies that wish to follow this report path towards sustainability.

The concept of oligometastatic disease in gastric cancer: reality or fiction?

Positive results in the RENAISSANCE Trial will establish oligometastatic gastric cancer as a real independent entity where total surgical treatment will become the standard of care.

Dilated Odontoma Arising in the Mandibular Third Molar Germ: Report of a Case of an Unusual Lesion in an Uncommon Site

Dilated odontoma is the most severe variant of dens invaginatus. It is extremely uncommon in the posterior mandible. It is thought to originate during the morpho-differentiation stage of dental development. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain obscure. We report here the clinical and pathologic findings of an incidentally discovered dilated odontoma arising in the left third mandibular molar germ of an 11-year-old male and a review of the pertinent literature. As dilated odontoma is not established as an independent entity in the current WHO classification of odontogenic tumors and is the result of a well-established developmental anomaly of the tooth (that is, the invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla), it should be better identified as dilated dens invaginatus.

P092 EVOLUTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE OPEN ABDOMEN WITH POSTERIOR SEPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR DEFINITIVE RECONSTRUCTION

Aim Traumatic evisceration in politrauma patients is rare, with a prevalence of 1 in 40,000 trauma patients. The main mechanism is high-energy trauma to an acute surface. Our objective is to apply theoretical knowledge regarding the complex abdominal wall as an independent entity, analyzing the particular case of a patient operated in our center. Material and Methods Description of a clinical case using data extracted from the electronic medical record and bibliographic search in Pubmed. Results The reviewed literature was applied to a traumatic evisceration case with a Grade IV on the Dennis Abdominal Trauma Scale. The decisions made during the different stages in the multidisciplinary management of the traumatic evisceration were discussed. The role of Negative Pressure Therapy, the use of biological meshes, full thickness grafts and / or the Posterior Separation of Components were used to achieve a continent and functional abdomen after an injury of that magnitude during a 4-year follow-up with excellent results. Conclusions At the moment there is no consensus on the management of these traumatic evisceration situations. It depends in many cases on the experience of the surgeon. These cases should be treated individually based on the size and location of the lesions. The approach must be carried out in different stages, always thinking about achieving an early closure of the abdomen and preserving the anatomy of the abdominal wall. The best strategy for open abdomen reconstruction is not well defined, but we believe that Posterior Component Separation is a good option.

AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF LEUCORRHOEA: SWETA PRADARA

Leucorrhoea is one of the most common and burning problems faced by women all around the globe. It may be physiological but when turning into a pathological condition, produce associated symptoms like itching vulva, backache, and anxiety to female suffering from the entity. Various factors like fungal, parasite, bacterial, and sex- ually transmitted diseases are responsible for the causation of this disease. In Ayurveda, it is termed as Sweta pra- dara. It can be a symptom of many diseases as well as an independent entity. No description of Sweta Pradara has been described by scholars of Brihatrayee. For abnormal white vaginal discharges, the word Sweta Pradara has been described in texts during and after the medieval period. The present study has been designed to substantiate the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of sweta pradara so that alternative better forms of therapy can be made available in those suffering from Sweta pradara. Keywords: Sweta Pradara, Leucorrhoea, Yonivyapad.

Richard Rorty’s Critique of the Self in Term of Interaction Between the Self and Others

The experiential self in interaction with an object is not, as Richard Rorty emphasizes, an inherent attribute that exists before real interactions, nor is it an entity with fixed characteristics. What Rorty constantly highlights is that the interaction in forming the self must achieve self-awareness as an entity impacted, acknowledged, and evaluated by others. This line of interpretation leads to two important concepts regarding the self’s formation that need to be clarified: First, when an individual expands his/her ability to manage space outside the reach of his/her physical person and visual perception, it is imperative that the individual is aware that he/she is controlling his/her own body. Second, the reciprocal effect from others cannot make the individual self-aware of his/her own existence as an independent entity if there is a lack of the other’s skepticism and questioning of the subject himself/herself. In this step of the self-experience process, the self’s attributes and its existence in relation to its surroundings are questioned. This article will focus on the explanation of the feasibility of perceiving the self as a form made up of biological premises and the awareness of the self as a living entity with contingent and flexible characteristics.

The Hidden Face of a Midwifery Treatise from 17 th Century England

<p>The 17th century was a watershed moment for midwives in the City of London for it was in this period that the entrance of men into the field of midwifery started to become prevalent. And these male physicians were no longer appearing in the lying-in chamber with their metal instruments only to attend to difficult or obstructed deliveries, mainly to forcibly extract still-borns, which had been the case up until then. The factors that promoted this transition from what had been an almost exclusive female space into one in which men were increasingly present is a story that is still to be told in full.</p><p>In what follows, we shall see that on the one hand, midwives, in contrast to their male medical colleagues—barber-surgeons, physicians and apothecaries—were repeatedly prevented from organizing themselves into a professional organization which would have set general standards and provided a means for educating and licensing its members. On the other hand, we will encounter evidence of several attempts on the part of influential medical practitioners, namely, members of the Chamberlen family, to organize the midwives and at least in one instance, in which this was specifically to gain control over them so that a man-midwife would be solely in charge of their licensing and training. The latter attempt was resisted by the midwives themselves who were intent on creating an autonomous corporation. At the same time their efforts to organize themselves as an independent entity were continuously thwarted by the powerful College of Physicians.</p><p>Into this mix came detractors and supporters of the midwives. On one side was Dr. Peter Chamberlen (1601-1683), a royal physician and outspoken proponent of man-midwives who initiated an unsuccessful attempt to gain control over these women. His efforts are well documented while on the other extreme we find Nicholas Culpeper (1615-1654), an equally outspoken critic but of the elitism of physicians such as Chamberlen, as well as of the efforts of the latter to introduce men into the field of midwifery. As we will also see, the controversy over the role of women in midwifery is also a conflict closely tied to the publication of numerous manuals, written in the vernacular, supposedly directed at educating a reading public that included midwives themselves, although also consumed by male medical practitioners and members of the public in general.</p><p>Unquestionably, the most important family to enter the field of man-midwifery was that of the Chamberlens whose invention of the obstetrical forceps—which they kept secret for a century—gave them a significant advantage over other man-midwives who were in competition with them at the time. Until now, studies of midwifery in England have focused on the Chamberlen family and have documented primarily external manifestations of the conflict. In contrast, this study will examine a more hidden side of the controversy, more specifically the way that one of the most important and widely translated works of the 16th and 17th centuries, called Examen de ingenios, found its way into one of the more important manuals for midwives, namely, The Compleat Midwife’s Practice Enlarged.</p>

The Valence-Bond (VB) Model and Its Intimate Relationship to the Symmetric or Permutation Group

VB and molecular orbital (MO) models are normally distinguished by the fact the first looks at molecules as a collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds while the latter adopts the view that each molecule should be regarded as an independent entity built up of electrons and nuclei and characterized by its molecular structure. Nevertheless, there is a much more fundamental difference between these two models which is only revealed when the symmetries of the many-electron Hamiltonian are fully taken into account: while the VB and MO wave functions exhibit the point-group symmetry, whenever present in the many-electron Hamiltonian, only VB wave functions exhibit the permutation symmetry, which is always present in the many-electron Hamiltonian. Practically all the conflicts among the practitioners of the two models can be traced down to the lack of permutation symmetry in the MO wave functions. Moreover, when examined from the permutation group perspective, it becomes clear that the concepts introduced by Pauling to deal with molecules can be equally applied to the study of the atomic structure. In other words, as strange as it may sound, VB can be extended to the study of atoms and, therefore, is a much more general model than MO.

Splitting Definitives: The Separation of the Definite Article in Medieval and Pre-Modern Written Judeo-Arabic

This article explores the reasons behind the orthographic practice of representing the definite article in written Judeo-Arabic as an independent entity, a phenomenon which became widespread in Jewish Arabic-speaking communities in the pre-modern era. Commencing with its representation in fifteenth to nineteenth-century Egyptian Judeo-Arabic manuscripts, the orthographic feature is traced back to Judeo-Arabic texts produced in medieval al-Andalus, Sicily, and the Maġrib, and from there, to post-1492 CE Sephardī Jewish refugees, who settled in North Africa and Egypt. The phenomenon is revealed to be the result of a two-stage process: (i) direct language contact between Romance and Judeo-Arabic; and (ii) the influence of Judeo-Spanish writing on Judeo-Arabic spelling practices in diaspora communities after their expulsion from the Spanish Kingdoms.

Reproducible Analyses in Education Research

A reproducible analysis is one in which an independent entity, using the same data and the same statistical code, would obtain the exact same result as the previous analyst. Reproducible analyses utilize script-based analyses and open data to aid in the reproduction of the analysis. A reproducible analysis does not ensure the same results are obtained if another sample of data is obtained, often referred to as replicability. Reproduction and replication of studies are discussed as well as the overwhelming benefits of creating a reproducible analysis workflow. A tool is proposed to aid in the evaluation of studies to describe which element in a study has a strong reproducible workflow and areas that could be improved. This tool is meant to serve as a discussion tool, not to rank studies or devalue studies that are unable to share data or statistical code. Finally, discussion surrounding reproducibility for qualitative studies are discussed along with unique challenges for adopting a reproducible analysis framework.