Beyond valence: a meta-analysis of discrete emotions in firm-customer encounters

AbstractDistinguishing between consumers’ positive and negative affect is a popular approach in both marketing research and practice, but such valence-based approaches sacrifice specificity and explanatory power. As emotions of the same valence can greatly differ with regard to their underlying appraisal patterns, they also differently affect consumer judgment and behavior. Our meta-analysis of 1035 effect sizes (N = 40,777) across 10 discrete emotions shows that analyzing discrete emotions clearly outperforms models of core affect (valence and arousal) when studying firm–customer encounters. Specifically, we find that the greatest impact stems from the medium-arousal emotion of gratitude and that positive emotions show consistently stronger effect sizes than do negative emotions. We also examine how effects are moderated by situational characteristics of the experience triggering the emotion. Based on our findings, we develop recommendations that help marketers identify and manage consumers’ emotions more effectively.

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Linking Moral Identity With Moral Emotions: A Meta-Analysis

Review of General Psychology ◽

10.1177/1089268019880887 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 444-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean Paul Lefebvre ◽

Tobias Krettenauer

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Moral Identity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Moral Emotions ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Moral Functioning ◽

Moral Anger ◽

Other Regarding ◽

The Relationship

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between moral identity and moral emotions drawing on 57 independent studies. Moral identity was significantly associated with moral emotions, r = .32, p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI: .27, .36]. Effect sizes were moderated by the type of moral emotion. Studies reporting other-regarding emotions (sympathy, empathy, and compassion) had the largest effect sizes ( r = .41), while negative other-evaluative emotions (moral anger, contempt, and disgust) had the smallest ( r = .16). Self-evaluative and other-evaluative positive emotions had intermediate effect sizes ( r values between .29 and .32). The type of emotion measure also was a significant moderator, with trait measures of emotion ( r = .38) correlating more strongly with moral identity than state measures ( r = .24). Effect sizes did not differ for the type of moral identity measure being used, publication status, or cultural origin of the study sample. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate a robust empirical connection between moral identity and moral emotions, which confirms the multifaceted role of moral identity in moral functioning.

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Predicting Prison Misconducts

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854897024004002 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 414-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 229

Author(s):

PAUL GENDREAU ◽

CLAIRE E. GOGGIN ◽

MOIRA A. LAW

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Criminal History ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

Situational Variables ◽

Antisocial Attitudes ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior

A meta-analysis was conducted on 39 studies that generated 695 correlations with prison misconducts. Predictors of prison misconducts were grouped into 16 domains as follows: (a) personal characteristics ( n = 9), (b) situational factors ( n = 3), and (c) actuarial measures of antisocial personality and risk ( n = 4). Personal and situational variables were similar in their ability to predict prison misconduct. Within these two categories, antisocial attitudes and behavior (e.g., companions, prison adjustment), criminal history, and institutional factors were the strongest predictors. Among actuarial measures, an interview-based risk protocol produced the highest correlations with prison misconducts. The prediction of violent misconducts was associated with greater effect sizes than nonviolent misconducts. Despite the limitations of the database, several recommendations for assessing prison misconducts appear warranted.

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Intellectual, Academic, and Behavioral Functioning of Students with High-Incidence Disabilities: A Cross-Categorical Meta-Analysis

Council review ◽

10.1177/001440290507200103 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 47-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Edward J. Sabornie ◽

Douglas Cullinan ◽

Susan S. Osborne ◽

Lynne B. Brock

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Behavioral Functioning ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Students With Learning Disabilities ◽

High Incidence ◽

Students With Ld ◽

High Incidence Disabilities ◽

Behavior Characteristics ◽

And Behavior

A meta-analysis of 58 studies was performed in which IQ, academic achievement, and behavior characteristics were examined across students with learning disabilities (LD), mild intellectual disabilities (MID), and emotional/behavioral disabilities (E/BD). The effect sizes between students with LD and MID were the largest in the domains of IQ and academic achievement, and the differences involving pupils with E/BD versus those with LD and MID were largest in the behavior realm. Very little disparity was found when comparing (a) those with LD and students with E/BD on IQ measures, and (b) pupils with LD and those with MID in behavior. Implications for cross-categorical and noncategorical special education are discussed.

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Three Decades of Research on Induced Hypocrisy: A Meta-Analysis

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167219841621 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1681-1701 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Priolo ◽

Audrey Pelt ◽

Roxane St. Bauzel ◽

Lolita Rubens ◽

Dimitri Voisin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Psychological Processes ◽

Change Effect ◽

And Behavior ◽

Theoretical Issues

Induced hypocrisy is a sequential, two-step, cognitive dissonance procedure that prompts individuals to adopt a proattitudinal behavior. The present meta-analysis of 29 published and nine unpublished induced-hypocrisy studies enabled us to test three key dissonance-related issues. First, is hypocrisy effective in promoting change in behavioral intention and behavior? Our analyses supported the idea that hypocrisy (vs. control) increased both behavioral intention and behavior. Second, does hypocrisy generate psychological discomfort? Results pertaining to this issue were inconclusive due to the small number of studies measuring psychological discomfort. Third, are both steps necessary to generate change? Effect sizes conform to the idea that the transgressions-only condition can increase both behavior and intention. Our meta-analysis raises a number of theoretical issues concerning the psychological processes underlying induced hypocrisy and highlights implications for practitioners.

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Bullying and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

10.1542/9781610022880-bullying_and_suicidal ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 53-72

Author(s):

Melissa K. Holt ◽

Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor ◽

Joshua R. Polanin ◽

Kristin M. Holland ◽

Sarah DeGue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Bullying Perpetration ◽

Victim Status ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

And Behavior

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over the last decade there has been increased attention to the association between bullying involvement (as a victim, perpetrator, or bully-victim) and suicidal ideation/behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the association between bullying involvement and suicidal ideation and behaviors. METHODS We searched multiple online databases and reviewed reference sections of articles derived from searches to identify cross-sectional studies published through July 2013. Using search terms associated with bullying, suicide, and youth, 47 studies (38.3% from the United States, 61.7% in non-US samples) met inclusion criteria. Seven observers independently coded studies and met in pairs to reach consensus. RESULTS Six different meta-analyses were conducted by using 3 predictors (bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and bully/victim status) and 2 outcomes (suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors). A total of 280 effect sizes were extracted and multilevel, random effects meta-analyses were performed. Results indicated that each of the predictors were associated with risk for suicidal ideation and behavior (range, 2.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67–2.69] to 4.02 [95% CI, 2.39–6.76]). Significant heterogeneity remained across each analysis. The bullying perpetration and suicidal behavior effect sizes were moderated by the study’s country of origin; the bully/victim status and suicidal ideation results were moderated by bullying assessment method. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrated that involvement in bullying in any capacity is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Future research should address mental health implications of bullying involvement to prevent suicidal ideation/behavior.

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