Detecting the relationship between summer rainfall anomalies in eastern china and the SSTA in the global domain with a new significance test method

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuhan Lu ◽  
Zhaoyong Guan ◽  
Panxing Wang ◽  
Mingkeng Duan
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship

Subseasonal Variation in ENSO-Related East Asian Rainfall Anomalies during Summer and Its Role in Weakening the Relationship between the ENSO and Summer Rainfall in Eastern China since the Late 1970s

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2271-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ye ◽  
Riyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Huai River ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
Circulation Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The findings of the study reported in this paper show that, during ENSO decaying summers, rainfall and circulation anomalies exhibit clear subseasonal variation. Corresponding to a positive (negative) December–February (DJF) Niño-3.4 index, a positive (negative) subtropical rainfall anomaly, with a southwest–northeast tilt, appears in South China and the western North Pacific (WNP) in the subsequent early summer (from June to middle July) but advances northward into the Huai River Basin in China as well as Korea and central Japan in late summer (from late July to August). Concurrently, a lower-tropospheric anticyclonic anomaly over the WNP extends northward from early to late summer. The seasonal change in the basic flows, characterized by the northward shift of the upper-tropospheric westerly jet and the WNP subtropical high, is suggested to be responsible for the differences in the above rainfall and circulation anomalies between early and late summer by inducing distinct extratropical responses even under the almost identical tropical forcing of a precipitation anomaly in the Philippine Sea. A particular focus of the study is to investigate, using station rainfall data, the subseasonal variations in ENSO-related rainfall anomalies in eastern China since the 1950s, to attempt to examine their role in weakening the relationship between the ENSO and summer mean rainfall in eastern China since the late 1970s. It is found that the ENSO-related rainfall anomalies tend to be similar between early and late summer before the late 1970s, that is, the period characterized by a stronger ENSO–summer mean rainfall relationship. After the late 1970s, however, the anomalous rainfall pattern in eastern China is almost reversed between early and late summer, resulting accordingly in a weakened relationship between the ENSO and total summer rainfall in eastern China.

scholarly journals The Interdecadal Variations and Causes of the Relationship Between Autumn Precipitation Anomalies in Eastern China and SSTA Over the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Huo ◽  
Zhaoyong Guan ◽  
Dachao Jin ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean

Abstract Eastern China has a large population with rapid development of the economy, where is the important crop producing region. In this region, the spatial and temporal distribution of autumn rainfall in Eastern China is uneven, which has important societal impact. Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and other observational datasets, it is found that the spatial distribution of the first EOF mode of autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China is consistent across the region, with significant interannual variabilities. Pronounced interdecadal variations are presented in the relationship between autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China and sea-surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). The interdecadal changes have been analyzed by considering two epochs: one during 1979-2004 and the other during 2005-2019. It shows weak and insignificant correlations between the autumn rainfall anomalies in eastern China and SSTA over SETIO during the first epoch. On the other hand, they are remarkable and positively correlated with each other during the second epoch. The inter-decadal changes of the above relationship are related to the warming of SST over SETIO during the second epoch. It causes stronger low-level convergence and ascending motion over SETIO, with the co-occurrence of enhanced western Pacific subtropical high and anomalous abundant moisture over eastern China carried by a low-level southerly anomaly originating from the South China Sea. Simultaneously, the local Hadley circulation over eastern China becomes weak, corresponding to the anomalous ascending motion. The collaboration of anomalous water vapour transport and ascending motion strengthens the connection between the SETIO SSTA and the autumn precipitation anomalies in eastern China, and vice versa. In the boreal autumn of 2019, entire eastern China suffered extreme drought. It suggests that this drought event in eastern China is strongly affected by the negative SSTA over SETIO, which is consistent with the statistical results.

scholarly journals Orographically Anchored El Niño Effect on Summer Rainfall in Central China

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 10037-10045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiming Hu ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Gang Huang
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Central China ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies

Year-to-year variations in summer precipitation have great socioeconomic impacts on China. Historical rainfall variability over China is investigated using a newly released high-resolution dataset. The results reveal summer-mean rainfall anomalies associated with ENSO that are anchored by mountains in central China east of the Tibetan Plateau. These orographically anchored hot spots of ENSO influence are poorly represented in coarse-resolution datasets so far in use. In post–El Niño summers, an anomalous anticyclone forms over the tropical northwest Pacific, and the anomalous southwesterlies on the northwest flank cause rainfall to increase in mountainous central China through orographic lift. At upper levels, the winds induce additional adiabatic updraft by increasing the eastward advection of warm air from Tibet. In post–El Niño summers, large-scale moisture convergence induces rainfall anomalies elsewhere over flat eastern China, which move northward from June to August and amount to little in the seasonal mean.

scholarly journals Breakdown of the Relationship between Australian Summer Rainfall and ENSO Caused by Tropical Indian Ocean SST Warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Maritime Continent ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Sst Warming ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Australian summer rainfall (ASR) during 1960–2015 experienced an interdecadal change around the mid-1980s. Before the mid-1980s, ASR was significantly correlated with tropical central Pacific (TCP) sea surface temperature (SST), whereas after that it was not. While El Niño was always independent from ASR, La Niña had a close relationship with ASR. However, this relationship was weakened after the mid-1980s. The Indian Ocean SST warming might contribute to the weakening relationship between La Niña and ASR. For La Niña events before the mid-1980s, the negative SSTA over TCP and the southern tropical Indian Ocean induced a large-scale lower-level cyclonic anomaly over Australia, leading to nearly uniform positive precipitation over Australia. In this manner, a significant relationship between ASR and La Niña was established. On the contrary, for the La Niña events after the mid-1980s, because of the Indian Ocean SST warming, the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent presented positive SSTAs and enhanced moisture, favoring enhanced rainfall anomalies over the equatorial Maritime Continent. This enhanced rainfall condensation heating induced a lower-level cyclonic anomaly to the west of Australia. The northerly anomalies at the eastern flank of this cyclonic anomaly counteracted the southerly anomalies at the western flank of the cyclonic anomaly over eastern Australia induced by the negative TCP SSTA, leading to insignificant circulation and rainfall anomalies over Australia. As such, being interfered with by the equatorial Maritime Continent heating, the relationship between ASR and La Niña was weakened.

An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
CORY JAY WILSON ◽  
BENJAMIN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Tomasz Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

Is the interdecadal variation of the summer rainfall over eastern China associated with SST?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Si ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Bhaskar Jha ◽  
Peitao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Interdecadal Variation

The spring soil moisture and the summer rainfall in eastern China

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 3310-3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhiYan Zuo ◽  
RenHe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Rainfall
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