Biodegradable polycaprolactone/cuttlebone scaffold composite using salt leaching process

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that are synthesized from bacteria that are predominantly produced by microbial fermentation processes on organic waste, such as palm oil mill effluent (POME), olive oil and kitchen waste, contribute to a sustainable waste management. A great variety of materials from this family can be produced, however the application of PHAs in the production of scaffolds in tissue engineering has been mainly constrained to poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) due to its highly adjustable physico-chemical properties. One of the common methods in making the 3-D scaffolds is by performing solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) process, but this process requires a long period of soaking in water to extract the entire salt particle in the 3-D scaffolds. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a new method to the conventional method of salt leaching process via a highly efficient continuous flow leaching kit. The salt leaching process was carried out by (1) immersing the 3-D porous scaffolds in a fabricated static container containing tap water and (2) by allowing a pre-setting continuous flow rate of water. The concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) was calculated periodically for both processes based on the salt standard calibration curve. The results showed that the exhaustive salt leaching of the conventional process occurred at 48 ± 5 hrs with the needs of changing the water twice a day. In contrast, the exhaustive salt leaching process via continuous flow leaching kit occurred at 40 ± 5 mins, 72 times faster than the conventional method (p<0.05). Therefore, the salt leaching process using continuous flow leaching kit can be considered a highly efficient and time saving procedure as compared to the conventional method.

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Preparation of porous polycaprolactone tubular matrix by salt leaching process

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.36922 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 1505-1510 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bhuvanesh Gupta ◽

Shamayita Patra ◽

Alok R. Ray

Keyword(s):

Salt Leaching ◽

Leaching Process

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Evolution of the Sahelian Coastal Water Table Under the Influence of Anti-salt Dam, in Salt Leaching Process

Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science ◽

10.11648/j.wros.20160506.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Bama Nati Aïssata Delphine

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Coastal Water ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Leaching Process

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid bioproduct improves the coastal saline soil mainly by assisting nitrogen conservation during salt-leaching process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-11244-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lihua Chen ◽

Weixia Su ◽

Jinyu Xiao ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Jinhai Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Coastal Saline Soil ◽

Nitrogen Conservation

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Salt leaching process in coastal saline soil by infiltration of melting saline ice under field conditions

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation ◽

10.2489/jswc.2020.00161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 549-562

Author(s):

K. Guo ◽

X. Liu

Keyword(s):

Saline Soil ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Coastal Saline Soil

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Processing of granite quarry solid waste into industrial high silica materials using leaching process with HCl concentration variation

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri ◽

10.21771/jrtppi.2020.v11.no2.p43-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Yusup Hendronursito ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Slamet Sumardi ◽

Roniyus Marjunus ◽

Frista Clarasati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Silica Content ◽

X Ray ◽

Concentration Variation ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Hcl Concentration ◽

Granite Powder

This study was aimed to increase granite's silica content using the leaching process with HCl concentration variation. The granite used in this study came from Lematang, South Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in HCl concentration, particle size, and rotational speed on the crystalline phase and chemical elements formed in the silica product produced from granite. The HCl concentration variations were 6.0 M, 7.2 M, 8.4 M, and 9.6 M, the variation in particle size used was 270 and 400 mesh. Variations in rotational speed during leaching were 500 and 750 rpm. Granite powder was calcined at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Characterization was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP- OES). The results showed that the silica content increased with increasing HCl concentration, the finer the particle size, and the higher the rotational speed. XRF analysis showed that the silica with the highest purity was leached with 9.6 HCl with a particle size of 400 mesh and a rotational speed of of 750 rpm, which was 73.49%. Based on the results above, by leaching using HCl, the Si content can increase from before. The XRD diffractogram showed that the granite powder formed the Quartz phase.

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Structural engineering to control density, conformation, and bioactivity of the poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted poly(urethane urea) scaffolds

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911518819224 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 209-223

Author(s):

Shideh Shaneh ◽

Fatemeh Shokrolahi ◽

Parvin Shokrollahi ◽

Hamid Yeganeh ◽

Hossein Omidian

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Structural Engineering ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

The Matrix ◽

Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽

Poly Ethylene

Poly(urethane urea) scaffolds were fabricated through combined salt leaching and solvent casting methods. The scaffolds were then functionalized via aminolysis with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG- g-PUU). To compare its bioactivity, gelatin was also grafted onto the aminolyzed poly(urethane urea) surface (Gel- g-PUU). Chemical changes at the surface were then monitored using quantitative/qualitative methods. Grafting with both gelatin and poly(ethylene glycol) remarkably enhanced the wettability of poly(urethane urea). Proliferation of human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells on poly(urethane urea) and the modified poly(urethane urea)s was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell experiment results showed that both the modified poly(urethane urea)s enhanced the attachment and proliferation of human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to pure poly(urethane urea). Based on previous reports, while a supportive role is observed at adequate poly(ethylene glycol) graft densities, cell adhesion and proliferation are inhibited at very high grafting densities. To correlate the cell data to poly(ethylene glycol) conformations, the surface tension was measured. Data on human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells’ attachment/proliferation and contact angle/surface free energy together showed that the grafting density of poly(ethylene glycol) was regulated by optimizing aminolysis conditions, careful selection of poly(ethylene glycol)’s molecular weight, and bulk properties of the matrix poly(urethane urea). As a result, surface overcrowding and brush conformation of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains were avoided, and human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cell attachment and proliferation occurred on the PEG- g-PUU scaffold at a comparable level to the Gel- g-PUU.

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Study on Ultrasonically-Enhanced Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Nickel from Nickel-Containing Residue

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 810

Author(s):

Zhanyong Guo ◽

Ping Guo ◽

Guang Su ◽

Fachuang Li

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽

Solid Product ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Diffusion Controlled ◽

Extraction Degree ◽

Ultrasonic Conditions ◽

Complex Nickel

In this paper, nickel-containing residue, a typical solid waste produced in the battery production process, was used to study the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in a liquid–solid reaction. The ultrasonically-enhanced leaching technology for multicomponent and complex nickel-containing residue was studied through systematic ultrasonic-conventional comparative experiments. An ultrasonic leaching kinetics model was established which provided reliable technological guidance and basic theory for the comprehensive utilization of nickel-containing residue. In the study, it was found that ultrasonically-enhanced leaching for 40 min obtained the same result as conventional leaching for 80 min, and the Ni extraction degree reached more than 95%. According to the kinetic fitting of the leaching process, it was found that the sulfuric acid leaching process belonged to the diffusion-controlled model of solid product layers under conventional and ultrasonic conditions, and the activation energy of the reaction was Ea1 = 17.74 kJ/mol and Ea2 = 5.04 kJ/mol, respectively.

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