Immunological Response to Biodegradable Magnesium Implants

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious respiratory disease that has caused the ongoing global pandemic. The primary purpose of this article is to describe evolving clinical epidemiology of COVID-19, including 1) infection and testing, 2) clinical spectrum including classification of clinical type, asymptomatic cases, severe cases and comorbidity, and clinical and immunological response, 3) regional variation in clinical presentation, 4) population distribution by age, sex, and occupation, and finally, 5) case-fatality. This content may provide important information on detailed clinical type and presentation of the disease, in which appropriate clinical outcomes can be derived for developing prevention strategies and clinical studies or trials that aim to test potential therapeutics or products for different patient populations.

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Computational Evidences of Phytochemical Mediated Disruption of PLpro Driven Replication of SARS-CoV-2: A Therapeutic Approach Against COVID-19

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021999201110204116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Acharya Balkrishna ◽

Rashmi Mittal ◽

Vedpriya Arya

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Md Simulation ◽

Bond Distance ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Docking Study ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Replication Process ◽

Stable Conformation ◽

Distance Analysis

Background:: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been declared as global pandemic by WHO. Comprehensive analysis of this unprecedented outbreak may help to fight against the disease and may play a pivotal role in decreasing the mortality rate linked with it. Papain like protease (PLpro), a multifunctional polyprotein facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and evades it from the host immunological response by antagonizing cytokines, interferons and may be considered as potential drug target to combat the current pandemic. Methods:: Natural moieties obtained from medicinal plants were analysed for their potency to target PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking study and were compared with synthetic analogs named as remdesivir, chloroquine and favipiravir. The stability of complexes of top hits was analysed by MD Simulation and interaction energy was calculated. Furthermore, average RMSD values were computed and deepsite ligand binding pockets were predicted using Play Molecule. Drug like abilities of these moieties were determined using ADMET and bond distance between the ligand and active site was assessed to predict the strength of interaction. Results:: Nimbocinol (-7.6 Kcal/mol) and sage (-7.3 Kcal/mol) exhibited maximum BA against PLpro SARS-CoV-2 as evident from molecular docking study which was found to be even better than remdesivir (-6.1 Kcal/mol), chloroquine (-5.3 Kcal/mol) and favipiravir (-5.7 Kcal/mol). Both nimbocinol-PLpro and sage-PLpro SARS-CoV-2 complex exhibited stable conformation during MD Simulation of 101ns at 310 K and potential, kinetic and electrostatic interaction energies were computed which was observed to be concordant with results of molecular docking study. RMSD average values were found to be 0.496 ± 0.015 Å and 0.598 ± 0.023 Å for nimbocinol and sage respectively thus revealing that both the deviation and fluctuations during MD Simulation were observed to be least. Deepsite prediction disclosed that both compounds occupied cryptic pockets in receptor and non-bond distance analysis revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds during ligand-receptor interaction. ADMET exploration further validated the drug like properties of these compounds. Conclusion:: Present study revealed that active constituents of Azadirachta indica and Salvia officinalis can be potentially used to target SARS-CoV-2 by hindering its replication process.

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014 Does TB treatment alter virological and immunological response to HAART?

HIV Medicine ◽

10.1046/j.1468-1293.2000.00024-27.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 170-170

Author(s):

Gl Dean ◽

Sg Edwards ◽

L Navaratne ◽

G Matthews ◽

Ef Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunological Response ◽

Tb Treatment

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XRD investigation of biodegradable magnesium rare earth alloy

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J.R. Deepak ◽

T. Arunkumar ◽

Sasi Venkata Sree Datta Ravipati ◽

S.S.S.K. Sumanth Varma

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Alloy ◽

Biodegradable Magnesium

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Biodegradable magnesium screws in elbow fracture fixation: Clinical case series

Journal of Orthopaedics Trauma and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/2210491720986983 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 221049172098698

Author(s):

Wai-Him Lam ◽

Chi-Yin Tso ◽

Ning Tang ◽

Wing-Hoi Cheung ◽

Ling Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Elbow Fracture ◽

Normal Range ◽

Head Region ◽

Screw Head ◽

Loss Of Reduction ◽

Clinical Series ◽

Post Operation ◽

Bioabsorbable Screws ◽

Biodegradable Magnesium

Biodegradable magnesium-based implants are innovative alternatives that potentially eliminate the need for implant removal. Recent studies have demonstrated the osteogenic properties and bacterial inhibition potentials of magnesium screws. We reported a clinical series of three elbow fracture cases, where magnesium screws were used in the treatment of one radial head and two capitellum fractures. Postoperative clinical courses were uneventful, and fracture healing occurred within 3 months. In all cases, radiolucencies were observed around implants especially in the screw head region at 2 months post-operation, but disappeared with consolidation at 1 year post-operation. All patients achieved near normal range of motion, minimal symptoms and good functional outcomes. No complication such as failure of fixation, loss of reduction, malunion or infection was seen. No implant revision or removal was necessary. Magnesium bioabsorbable screws are shown to be a viable option for these fractures.

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Gender differences in immunological response of African‐American juveniles with Grade C molar incisor pattern periodontitis

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1002/jper.21-0143 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tamara T. Tavakoli ◽

Fatemeh Gholami ◽

Hong Huang ◽

Patricia Furtado Gonçalves ◽

Alejandro Villasante‐Tezanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

African American ◽

Immunological Response

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Diagnostic Significance of Serum Galectin-3 in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19—A Preliminary Study

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11081136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1136

Author(s):

Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala ◽

Barbara Maziarz ◽

Paulina Dumnicka ◽

Marcin Dembiński ◽

Maria Kapusta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Organ Injury ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Preliminary Study

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyperinflammation leading to organ injury, including respiratory failure. Galectin-3 was implicated in innate immunological response to infections and in chronic fibrosis. The aim of our preliminary study was the assessment of the diagnostic utility of serum galectin-3 in patients with COVID-19. The prospective observational study included adult patients admitted with active COVID-19 and treated in tertiary hospital between June and July 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the quantitative detection of nucleic acid of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. Galectin-3 was measured by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples obtained during the first five days of hospital stay. We included 70 patients aged 25 to 73 years; 90% had at least one comorbidity. During the hospital stay, 32.9% were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and 12.9% required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Serum galectin-3 was significantly increased in patients who developed pneumonia, particularly those who required ICU admission. Positive correlations were found between galectin-3 and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, pentraxin-3), a marker of endothelial injury (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), and a range of tissue injury markers. Serum galectin-3 enabled the diagnosis of pneumonia with moderate diagnostic accuracy and the need for ICU treatment with high diagnostic accuracy. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that galectin-3 may be involved in severe COVID-19. Further studies are planned to confirm the preliminary results and to verify possible associations of galectin-3 with long-term consequences of COVID-19, including pulmonary fibrosis.

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Address of the President Lord Blackett, O. M., C. H. at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1969

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1970.0001 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 174 (1037) ◽

pp. 403-417

Keyword(s):

Immunological Response ◽

Immunological Tolerance ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Subsequent Work ◽

The One ◽

First Time ◽

Improved Methods ◽

Specific Tolerance ◽

Immunological Barrier

The Copley Medal is awarded to Sir Peter Medawar, C. B. E., F. R. S. Medawar’s first major contribution was to prove conclusively that skin grafts made between different individuals usually fail because of an immunological response made by the recipient against foreign antigens in the donor’s cells, and then to show that the most important mechanism was a specific cell-mediated immunity due to lymphocytes. In attempting to find means of preventing the response against grafted tissues, without impairing immunological capacity in other respects, Medawar made a second major contribution by showing for the first time that it was possible to induce specific tolerance of foreign antigens by administering them to very young animals. His subsequent work, directed towards achieving practical means of overcoming the immunological barrier to tissue transplantation, led him on the one hand to investigate improved methods of inducing specific immunological tolerance and, on the other, to use antiserum against lymphocytes to suppress the damaging effects of these cells. His successful results in experimental animals have indicated the way to their possible application in Man. Medawar’s work has throughout been distinguished by a penetrating clarity of thought combined with insight, and by elegant and original experimental design. He also has a justly high reputation for his analyses and predictions in wider fields of biology, and his study of scientific method.

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