scholarly journals Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Imaging Vascular Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Ćorović ◽  
Christopher Wall ◽  
Justin C. Mason ◽  
James H. F. Rudd ◽  
Jason M. Tarkin
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Purpose of Review To provide a focused update on recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases and consider future directions in the field. Recent Findings While PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can provide a useful marker of disease activity in several vascular inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis, this tracer lacks inflammatory cell specificity and is not a practical solution for imaging the coronary vasculature because of avid background myocardial signal. To overcome these limitations, research is ongoing to identify novel PET tracers that can more accurately track individual components of vascular immune responses. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Summary Future research is needed to realise the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.

Usefulness of positron emission tomography for differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takei ◽  
Jun Shinoda ◽  
Soko Ikuta ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEPositron emission tomography (PET) is important in the noninvasive diagnostic imaging of gliomas. There are many PET studies on glioma diagnosis based on the 2007 WHO classification; however, there are no studies on glioma diagnosis using the new classification (the 2016 WHO classification). Here, the authors investigated the relationship between uptake of 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline (CHO), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on PET imaging and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status (wild-type [IDH-wt] or mutant [IDH-mut]) in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO classification.METHODSIn total, 105 patients with newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas (6 diffuse astrocytomas [DAs] with IDH-wt, 6 DAs with IDH-mut, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas [AAs] with IDH-wt, 24 AAs with IDH-mut, 26 glioblastomas [GBMs] with IDH-wt, 5 GBMs with IDH-mut, 19 oligodendrogliomas [ODs], and 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [AOs]) were included. All OD and AO patients had both IDH-mut and 1p/19q codeletion. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor/mean SUV of normal cortex (T/N) ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG were calculated, and the mean T/N ratios of DA, AA, and GBM with IDH-wt and IDH-mut were compared. The diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing gliomas with IDH-wt from those with IDH-mut was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean T/N ratios for the 3 PET tracers.RESULTSThere were significant differences in the mean T/N ratios for all 3 PET tracers between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups of all histological classifications (p < 0.001). Among the 27 gliomas with mean T/N ratios higher than the cutoff values for all 3 PET tracers, 23 (85.2%) were classified into the IDH-wt group using ROC analysis. In DA, there were no significant differences in the T/N ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups. In AA, the mean T/N ratios of all 3 PET tracers in the IDH-wt group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-mut group (p < 0.01). In GBM, the mean T/N ratio in the IDH-wt group was significantly higher than that in the IDH-mut group for both MET (p = 0.034) and CHO (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio for FDG.CONCLUSIONSPET imaging using MET, CHO, and FDG was suggested to be informative for preoperatively differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification, particularly for differentiating IDH-wt and IDH-mut tumors.

Abstract 12375: Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Honda ◽  
Nobuhiro Tahara ◽  
Atsuko Tahara ◽  
Sachiyo Igata ◽  
Yoshikazu Nitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Fat Volume

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, involvement of vascular inflammation in endothelial dysfunction is not fully investigated in humans. We assessed the relationship between endothelial function and vascular inflammation evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods and Results: We examined endothelial function and vascular inflammation, which were evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery functionally and FDG-PET imaging of carotid arteries, respectively, in 128 subjects (83 males and 45 females; mean age 61.8 ± 10.0 years) who underwent a risk-screening test for cardiovascular disease in Kurume University Hospital. Vascular inflammation of the carotid arteries was measured by blood-normalized standardized uptake value, known as a target-to-background ratio (TBR). Mean percent change in vasodilation (percent change over the baseline values; %FMD) and carotid TBR were 5.60 ± 2.24 % and 1.43 ± 0.22, respectively. %FMD was less in men than in women. In univariate analysis, %FMD was inversely correlated with age (p=0.011), systolic blood pressure (p=0.014), carotid artery maximum intima-media thickness (p=0.014), HbA1c (p=0.020), visceral fat volume (p=0.005), or TBR values (p<0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that age (p=0.034), visceral fat volume (p=0.002), and TBR values (p<0.001) were independently associated with decreased %FMD (R2=0.245). Conclusions: We found here that vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries evaluated by FDG-PET was one of the independent association of decreased %FMD, thus suggesting that vascular inflammation might contribute to endothelial dysfunction in humans.

scholarly journals Radiolabelling diverse positron emission tomography (PET) tracers using a single digital microfluidic reactor chip

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supin Chen ◽  
Muhammad Rashed Javed ◽  
Hee-Kwon Kim ◽  
Jack Lei ◽  
Mark Lazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Microfluidic Reactor ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

Radiotracer synthesis is an ideal application for microfluidics because only nanogram quantities are needed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Meningioma in Clinical Practice

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frederick Cornelius ◽  
Karl Josef Langen ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
Daniel Hänggi ◽  
Michael Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Meningiomas represent about 20% of intracranial tumors and are the most frequent nonglial primary brain tumors. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mainstays of therapy are surgery and radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is tested in clinical trials of phase II. Patients are followed clinically by imaging. However, classical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have limitations. Hence, we need supplementary imaging tools. Molecular imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography (PET), represent promising new instruments that are able to characterize specific metabolic features. So far, these modalities have only been part of limited study protocols, and their impact on clinical routine management is still under investigation. It may be expected that their extended use will provide new aspects about meningioma imaging and biology. In the present article, we summarize PET imaging for meningiomas based on a thorough review of the literature. We discuss and illustrate the potential role of PET imaging in the clinical management of meningiomas. Finally, we indicate current limitations and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals P14.01 Differential diagnosis of IDH mutant/IDH wildtype of glioma by using 11C-methionine, 11C-choline, and18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii66-iii66
Author(s):  
H Takei ◽  
J Shinoda ◽  
S Ikuta ◽  
T Maruyama ◽  
Y Muragaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is important in noninvasive diagnostic imaging of gliomas. There are many PET studies on glioma diagnosis based on the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) classification; however, there are no studies on glioma diagnosis using the new classification (the 2016 WHO classification).Here we investigated the relationship between PET imaging using 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline (CHO), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and wildtype isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (IDH-wt)/mutant IDH (IDH-mut) in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 105 patients with newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas (six diffuse astrocytomas [DAs] with IDH-wt, six DAs with IDH-mut, seven anaplastic astrocytomas [AAs] with IDH-wt, 24 AAs with IDH-mut, 26 glioblastomas [GBMs] with IDH-wt, five GBMs with IDH-mut, 19 oligodendrogliomas [ODs], and 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [AOs]) were included. All OD and AO patients had both IDH-mut and 1p/19q codeletion. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the tumor/normal cortex mean SUV ratios (T/N ratios) for MET, CHO, and FDG were calculated; the mean T/N ratios of DA, AA, and GBM with IDH-wt/IDH-mut were compared. The diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing gliomas with IDH-wt from those with IDH-mut was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean T/N ratios for the three PET tracers. RESULTS There were significant differences in the mean T/N ratios for all three PET tracers between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups including all histological classifications (p<0.001). Among the 27 gliomas with mean T/N ratios higher than the cutoff values for all three PET tracers, 23 (85.2%) were classified into the IDH-wt group using ROC analysis. In DA, there were no significant differences in the T/N ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups. In AA, the mean T/N ratios of all three PET tracers in the IDH-wt group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-mut group (p<0.001). In GBM, the mean T/N ratio in the IDH-wt group was significantly higher than that of the IDH-mut group for both MET (p=0.034) and CHO (p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio for FDG. CONCLUSIONS PET imaging using MET, CHO, and FDG was confirmed to be informative for preoperatively differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification, particularly for differentiating IDH-wt and IDH-mut tumors.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Direct incorporation of [ 18F] into aliphatic systems: A promising Mncatalysed labelling technique for PET imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cesarec ◽  
Jonathan A. Robson ◽  
Laurence S. Carroll ◽  
Eric O. Aboagye ◽  
Alan C. Spivey
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Labelling Technique ◽  
Porphyrin Complex ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Site Selective ◽  
Direct Incorporation

Background: One of the challenges in positron emission tomography (PET) is labelling complex aliphatic molecules. Objective: To develop a method of metal-catalysed radiofluorination that is site-selective and works in moderate to good yields under facile conditions. Methods: We report here on the optimisation of an aliphatic C-H to C-18F bond transformation catalysed by a Mn(porphyrin) complex. Results: The successful oxidation of 11 aliphatic molecules including progesterone are reported. Radiochemical Incorporations (RCIs) up to 69% were achieved within 60 min without the need for pre-activation or specialist equipment. Conclusion: The method features mild conditions (60 °C) and promises to constitute a valuable approach to labelling of biomolecules and drug substances.

scholarly journals Development of a blood sample detector for multi-tracer positron emission tomography using gamma spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Adriana Mota-Cobián ◽  
Jesús Mateo ◽  
Samuel España
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Background Multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be accomplished by applying multi-tracer compartment modeling. Recently, a method has been proposed in which the arterial input functions (AIFs) of the multi-tracer PET scan are explicitly derived. For that purpose, a gamma spectroscopic analysis is performed on blood samples manually withdrawn from the patient when at least one of the co-injected tracers is based on a non-pure positron emitter. Alternatively, these blood samples required for the spectroscopic analysis may be obtained and analyzed on site by an automated detection device, thus minimizing analysis time and radiation exposure of the operating personnel. In this work, a new automated blood sample detector based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for single- and multi-tracer PET imaging is presented, characterized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. Results The detector presented in this work stores and analyzes on-the-fly single and coincidence detected events. A sensitivity of 22.6 cps/(kBq/mL) and 1.7 cps/(kBq/mL) was obtained for single and coincidence events respectively. An energy resolution of 35% full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) at 511 keV and a minimum detectable activity of 0.30 ± 0.08 kBq/mL in single mode were obtained. The in vivo AIFs obtained with the detector show an excellent Pearson’s correlation (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001) with the ones obtained from well counter analysis of discrete blood samples. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrate the capability of the detector to apply the gamma spectroscopic analysis on a mixture of 68Ga and 18F and separate the individual signal emitted from each one. Conclusions Characterization and in vivo evaluation under realistic experimental conditions showed that the detector proposed in this work offers excellent sensibility and stability. The device also showed to successfully separate individual signals emitted from a mixture of radioisotopes. Therefore, the blood sample detector presented in this study allows fully automatic AIFs measurements during single- and multi-tracer PET studies.

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