MiRNA Profile in the Substantia Nigra of Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía F. Cardo ◽  
Eliecer Coto ◽  
René Ribacoba ◽  
Manuel Menéndez ◽  
Germán Moris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mirna Profile

scholarly journals Increased Sodium Concentration in Substantia Nigra in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Study With Ultra-High Field (7T) MRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Grimaldi ◽  
Mohamed Mounir El Mendili ◽  
Wafaa Zaaraoui ◽  
Jean-Philippe Ranjeva ◽  
Jean-Philippe Azulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Concentration Changes

Pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is complex and still misunderstood. At a time when treatments with disease-modifying potential are being developed, identification of early markers of neurodegeneration is essential. Intracerebral sodium accumulation could be one of them. Indeed, it may be in relation to the mitochondrial dysfunction that early exists in iPD. For the first time, we used brain sodium (23Na) MRI to explore sodium concentration changes that have already been reported to be related to neurodegeneration in other diseases. We prospectively included 10 iPD patients (mean age 52.2 ± 5.9 years-old) with motor symptoms that started <36 months before inclusion and 12 healthy subjects (mean age 53 ± 6.4 years-old). Patients were scanned in OFF medication state by using proton (1H) and 23Na MRI at 7T. We then extracted quantitative Total Sodium Concentration (TSC) from five regions of interest known to be early impaired in iPD [substantia nigra (SN), putamen, caudate nucleus, pallidum, thalamus] and in one region supposed to be relatively spared in the first stages of the disease [cortical gray matter (neocortex)]. Potential atrophy in these structures was also investigated with 1H MRI. Relative to healthy subjects, iPD patients showed higher TSC in the SN (43.73 ± 4.64 vs. 37.72 ± 5.62, p = 0.006 after Bonferroni correction). A trend of increase in sodium concentrations was found within the pallidum (45.80 ± 4.19 vs. 41.07 ± 4.94, p = 0.017), putamen (48.65 ± 4.58 vs. 43.66 ± 5.04, p = 0.041) and the cortical gray matter (56.34 ± 3.92 vs. 50.81 ± 5.50, p = 0.021). No significant brain atrophy was found in patients compared to controls. Thus, alteration of sodium homeostasis in the SN in the absence of atrophy could be considered as a potential early marker of cellular dysfunction in iPD.

Hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease – Searching for genetic predictors

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Funke ◽  
A Soehn ◽  
C Schulte ◽  
M Bonin ◽  
C Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Genetic Predictors

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation and protein pathology in Parkinson’s disease dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Kouli ◽  
Marta Camacho ◽  
Kieren Allinson ◽  
Caroline H. Williams-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Dementia ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Brain

AbstractParkinson’s disease dementia is neuropathologically characterized by aggregates of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) in limbic and neocortical areas of the brain with additional involvement of Alzheimer’s disease-type pathology. Whilst immune activation is well-described in Parkinson’s disease (PD), how it links to protein aggregation and its role in PD dementia has not been explored. We hypothesized that neuroinflammatory processes are a critical contributor to the pathology of PDD. To address this hypothesis, we examined 7 brain regions at postmortem from 17 PD patients with no dementia (PDND), 11 patients with PD dementia (PDD), and 14 age and sex-matched neurologically healthy controls. Digital quantification after immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in the severity of α-synuclein pathology in the hippocampus, entorhinal and occipitotemporal cortex of PDD compared to PDND cases. In contrast, there was no difference in either tau or amyloid-β pathology between the groups in any of the examined regions. Importantly, we found an increase in activated microglia in the amygdala of demented PD brains compared to controls which correlated significantly with the extent of α-synuclein pathology in this region. Significant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma was commonly observed in PDND and PDD cases compared to controls, in both the substantia nigra and the amygdala. Amongst PDND/PDD cases, CD4+ T cell counts in the amygdala correlated with activated microglia, α-synuclein and tau pathology. Upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β was also evident in the substantia nigra as well as the frontal cortex in PDND/PDD versus controls with a concomitant upregulation in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in these regions, as well as the amygdala. The evidence presented in this study show an increased immune response in limbic and cortical brain regions, including increased microglial activation, infiltration of T lymphocytes, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR gene expression, which has not been previously reported in the postmortem PDD brain.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Ka Young Kim ◽  
Keun-A Chang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Several treatments for PD have focused on the management of physical symptoms using dopaminergic agents. However, these treatments induce various adverse effects, including hallucinations and cognitive impairment, owing to non-targeted brain delivery, while alleviating motor symptoms. Furthermore, these therapies are not considered ultimate cures owing to limited brain self-repair and regeneration abilities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) using magnetic nanoparticles in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD mouse model. We used the Maestro imaging system and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for in vivo tracking after transplantation of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded hASCs to the PD mouse model. The Maestro imaging system revealed strong hASCs signals in the brains of PD model mice. In particular, MRI revealed hASCs distribution in the substantia nigra of hASCs-injected PD mice. Behavioral evaluations, including apomorphine-induced rotation and rotarod performance, were significantly recovered in hASCs-injected 6-OHDA induced PD mice when compared with saline-treated counterparts. Herein, we investigated whether hASCs transplantation using magnetic nanoparticles recovered motor functions through targeted brain distribution in a 6-OHDA induced PD mice. These results indicate that magnetic nanoparticle-based hASCs transplantation could be a potential therapeutic strategy in PD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document