Impact of locally modified cloud microphysics over Tibetan plateau on the Indian summer monsoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jayakumar ◽  
Saji Mohandas ◽  
John P George ◽  
A K Mitra ◽  
E N Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Cloud Microphysics

Modulation of coupled modes of Tibetan Plateau heating and Indian Summer Monsoon on summer rainfall over Central Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport

Abstract It has been suggested that summer rainfall over Central Asia (CA) is significantly correlated with the summer thermal distribution of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). However, relatively few studies have investigated their synergistic effects of different distribution. This study documents the significant correlations between precipitation in CA and the diabatic heating of TP and the ISM based on the results of statistical analysis and numerical simulation. Precipitation in CA is is dominated by two water vapor transport branches from the south which are related to the two primary modes of anomalous diabatic heating distribution related to the TP and ISM precipitation, that is, the “+-” dipole mode in the southeastern TP and the Indian subcontinent (IS), and the “+-+” tripole mode in the southeastern TP, the IS, and southern India. Both modes exhibit obvious mid-latitude Silk Road pattern (SRP) wave trains with cyclone anomalies over CA, but with different transient and stationary eddies over south Asia. The different locations of anomalous anticyclones over India govern two water vapor transport branches to CA, which are from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The water vapor flux climbs while being transported northward and can be transported to CA with the cooperation of cyclonic circulation. The convergent water vapor and ascending motion caused by cyclonic anomalies favor the precipitation in CA. Further analysis corroborates the negative South Indian Ocean Dipole (NSIOD) in February could affect the tripole mode distribution of TP heating and ISM via the atmospheric circulation, water vapor transport and an anomalous Hadley cell circulation. The results indicate a reliable prediction reference for precipitation in CA.

Timing of the Indian Summer Monsoon onset during the early Holocene: Evidence from a sediment core at Linggo Co, central Tibetan Plateau

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue He ◽  
Juzhi Hou ◽  
Erik T Brown ◽  
Shuyun Xie ◽  
Zhengyu Bao
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Central Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Isotope Record

The spatial and temporal variability, effects, and mechanisms of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) have been investigated intensively during the past few decades. The pattern of a relatively strong ISM during the early to middle Holocene, and a relatively weak ISM in the late Holocene, has been widely demonstrated in both marine and continental records. However, the timing of the ISM onset during the early Holocene remains controversial. Here, we present oxygen isotope record from ostracods and hydrogen isotope record from sedimentary leaf waxes from a sediment core at Linggo Co, a glacier-fed lake on the central Tibetan Plateau, in order to investigate the onset of the ISM. The ostracod δ18O record indicates an early ISM onset at ~11.7 ka, whereas the leaf wax δD record indicates a later ISM onset at ~10 ka. This apparent two-step development of the ISM revealed by aquatic and terrestrial records is confirmed by principal component analysis of nine marine records from the ISM domain. The comparison between isotope records from Linggo Co and the marine records implies that the early ISM onset was likely linked to elevated temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, while the later ISM onset may be related to intensified precipitation.

scholarly journals First measurement of atmospheric mercury species in Qomolangma Natural Nature Preserve, Tibetan Plateau, and evidence oftransboundary pollutant invasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1373-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Lin ◽  
Yindong Tong ◽  
Xiufeng Yin ◽  
Qianggong Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Nature Preserve

Abstract. Located in the world's “third pole” and a remote region connecting the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (QNNP) is an ideal region to study the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were continuously measured during the Indian monsoon transition period in QNNP. A slight increase in the GEM concentration was observed from the period preceding the Indian summer monsoon (1.31±0.42 ng m−3) to the Indian summer monsoon period (1.44±0.36 ng m−3), while significant decreases were observed in the GOM and PBM concentrations, with concentrations decreasing from 35.2±18.6 to 19.3±10.9 pg m−3 (p < 0.001) for GOM and from 30.5±12.5 to 24.9±19.8 pg m−3 (p < 0.001) for PBM. A unique daily pattern was observed in QNNP with respect to the GEM concentration, with a peak value before sunrise and a low value at noon. Relative to the (low) GEM concentrations, GOM concentrations (with a mean value of 21.4±13.4 pg m−3, n=1239) in this region were relatively high compared with the measured values in some other regions of China. A cluster analysis indicated that the air masses transported to QNNP changed significantly at different stages of the monsoon, and the major potential mercury (Hg) sources shifted from northern India and western Nepal to eastern Nepal and Bangladesh. As there is a large area covered in glaciers in QNNP, local glacier winds could increase the transboundary transport of pollutants and transport polluted air masses to the Tibetan Plateau. The atmospheric Hg concentration in QNNP in the Indian summer monsoon period was influenced by transboundary Hg flows. This highlights the need for a more specific identification of Hg sources impacting QNNP and underscores the importance of international cooperation regarding global Hg controls.

scholarly journals Tree-ring-inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2451-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duan ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
L. Li ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Monsoon Precipitation

Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1868–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 140 yr, and typical melting periods occurred in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) were characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August–September all-India monsoon rainfall (AIR) (r1871-2008 = −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation does not affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.

scholarly journals Regionalization of seasonal precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and associated large-scale atmospheric systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Hui-Wen Lai ◽  
Hans W. Chen ◽  
Julia Kukulies ◽  
Tinghai Ou ◽  
Deliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Peak ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Winter Peak

AbstractPrecipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has major societal impacts in South and East Asia, but its spatiotemporal variations are not well understood mainly because of the sparsely distributed in-situ observation sites. With help of the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite product IMERG and ERA5 reanalysis, distinct precipitation seasonality features over the TP were objectively classified using a self-organizing map algorithm fed with ten-day averaged precipitation from 2000 to 2019. The classification reveals three main precipitation regimes with distinct seasonality of precipitation: winter peak, centered at the western plateau; early summer peak, found on the eastern plateau; and late summer peak, mainly located on the southwestern plateau. On a year-to-year basis, the winter peak regime is relatively robust, while the early summer and late summer peak regimes tend to shift mainly between the central and northern TP, but are robust in the eastern and southwestern TP. A composite analysis shows that the winter peak regime experiences larger amounts of precipitation in winter and early spring when the westerly jet is anomalously strong to the north of the TP. Precipitation variations in the late summer peak regime are associated with intensity changes in the South Asian High and Indian summer monsoon. The precipitation in the early summer peak regime is correlated with the Indian summer monsoon together with anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. The results provide a basic understanding of precipitation seasonality variations over the TP and associated large-scale conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of cloud microphysics on Indian summer monsoon precipitating clouds: A coupled climate modeling study

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 3786-3805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Hazra ◽  
Hemantkumar S. Chaudhari ◽  
Subodh K. Saha ◽  
Samir Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Cloud Microphysics ◽  
Precipitating Clouds ◽  
Modeling Study

Indian summer monsoon drought 2009: role of aerosol and cloud microphysics

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hazra ◽  
S. Taraphdar ◽  
M. Halder ◽  
S. Pokhrel ◽  
H. S. Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Cloud Microphysics
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