Specific speed-based pump flow rate estimator for large-scale and long-term energy efficiency auditing

For renewable energies to succeed in replacing fossil fuels, large-scale and affordable solutions are needed for short and long-term energy storage. A potentially inexpensive approach of storing large amounts of energy is through the use of a concentration flow cell that is based on cheap and abundant materials. Here, we propose to use aqueous iron chloride as a reacting solvent on carbon electrodes. We suggest to use it in a red-ox concentration flow cell with two compartments separated by a hydrocarbon-based membrane. In both compartments the red-ox couple of iron II and III reacts, oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode. When charging, a concentration difference between the two species grows. When discharging, this concentration difference between iron II and iron III is used to drive the reaction. In this respect it is a concentration driven flow cell redox battery using iron chloride in both solutions. Here, we investigate material combinations, power, and concentration relations.

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"Show Me the Energy Costs": Short and Long-term Energy Cost Disclosure Effects on Willingness-to-pay for Residential Energy Efficiency

The Energy Journal ◽

10.5547/01956574.43.3.jcar ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

Author(s):

James Carroll ◽

Claudia Aravena ◽

Marco Boeri ◽

Eleanor Denny

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Residential Energy ◽

Residential Energy Efficiency ◽

Term Energy ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Cost Disclosure

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Does the Blood Pump Flow Rate have an Impact on the Dialysis Dose During Low Dialysate Flow Rate Hemodialysis?

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000486843 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maxime Leclerc ◽

Clémence Bechade ◽

Patrick Henri ◽

Elie Zagdoun ◽

Erick Cardineau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Blood Pump ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Dialysis Dose ◽

Dialysate Flow ◽

Pump Flow ◽

Dialysate Flow Rate ◽

Pump Flow Rate ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Impact

We conducted a prospective study to assess the impact of the blood pump flow rate (BFR) on the dialysis dose with a low dialysate flow rate. Seventeen patients were observed for 3 short hemodialysis sessions in which only the BFR was altered (300,350 and 450 mL/min). Kt/V urea increased from 0.54 ± 0.10 to 0.58 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.09 for BFR of 300, 400 and 450 mL/min. For the same BFR variations, the reduction ratio (RR) of β2microglobulin increased from 0.40 ± 0.07 to 0.45 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.06 and the RR phosphorus increased from 0.46 ± 0.1 to 0.48 ± 0.08 and 0.49 ± 0.07. In bivariate analysis accounting for repeated observations, an increasing BFR resulted in an increase in spKt/V (0.048 per 100 mL/min increment in BPR [p < 0.05, 95% CI (0.03–0.06)]) and an increase in the RR β2m (5% per 100 mL/min increment in BPR [p < 0.05, 95% CI (0.03–0.07)]). An increasing BFR with low dialysate improves the removal of urea and β2m but with a potentially limited clinical impact.

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