scholarly journals Physio-pathological effects of m6A modification and its potential contribution to melanoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liao ◽  
P. Han ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
B. Ni
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Human Carcinogenesis ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Cancer Diseases

AbstractMethylation of N6-adenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification and is especially common among the messenger RNAs. These m6A modifications regulate splicing, translocation, stability and translation of RNA through dynamic and reversible interactions with m6A-binding proteins, namely the writers, erasers and readers. RNA methyltransferases catalyze the m6A modifications, while demethylases reverse this methylation. Deregulation of the m6A modification process has been implicated in human carcinogenesis, including melanoma—which carries one of the highest mutant rates. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of m6A regulation and its biological impacts on normal and cancer cells, with emphasis on the deregulation of m6A modification and m6A regulators in melanoma. In addition, we highlight the prospective potential of exploiting m6A modification in the treatment of melanoma and non-cancer diseases.

RNA-Binding Proteins and Translation in Neurodegenerative Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Fused In Sarcoma ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Ataxia Syndrome ◽  
Research Frontiers

Both RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and translation are increasingly implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, but their specific roles in promoting disease are not yet fully defined. This chapter critically evaluates the evidence that altered translation of specific mRNAs mediated by RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in driving specific neurodegenerative diseases. First, diseases are discussed where a causal role for RNA-binding proteins in disease appears solid, but whether this involves altered translation is less clear. The main foci here are TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Subsequently, diseases are presented where altered translation is believed to contribute, but involvement of RNA-binding proteins is less clear. These include Huntington’s and other repeat expansion disorders such as fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), where repeat-induced non-AUG-initiated (RAN) translation is a focus. The potential contribution of both canonical and non-canonical RBPs to altered translation in Parkinson’s disease is discussed. The chapter closes by proposing key research frontiers for the field to explore and outlining methodological advances that could help to address them.

scholarly journals The Role of m6A Ribonucleic Acid Modification in the Occurrence of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Fu ◽  
Xinghui Cui ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Min Cheng ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Mrna Metabolism ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation ◽  
The Relationship

The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). The m6A modification process is jointly regulated by various enzymes and proteins, such as methyltransferases, demethylases and related m6A-binding proteins. The process is dynamic and reversible, and it plays an essential role in mRNA metabolism and various biological activities. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have confirmed that the onset and development of many diseases are closely associated with the molecular biological mechanism of m6A RNA methylation. This study focuses on the relationship between m6A RNA modification and atherosclerosis (AS). It thoroughly summarizes the mechanisms and processes of m6A RNA modification in AS-related cells and the relationships between m6A RNA modification and AS risk factors, and it provides a reference for exploring new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of AS.

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