Are Women Still Judged by Their Sexual Behaviour? Prevalence and Problems Linked to Sexual Double Standard Amongst University Students

Author(s):  
Emma Montserrat González-Marugán ◽  
María Elena Felipe Castaño ◽  
Montserrat Marugán de Miguelsanz ◽  
Luis Jorge Martín Antón
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kitchener Sakaluk ◽  
Robin Milhausen

Quantitative research has resulted in inconsistent evidence for the existence of a sexual double standard, leading Crawford and Popp (2003) to issue a call for methodological innovation. The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is a measure that may provide a means to examine the double standard without the contamination of the demand characteristics and social desirability biases that plague self-report research (Marks & Fraley, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing explicit and implicit double standards, and to examine the relationship between these explicit and implicit double standards, and levels of socially desirable responding. 103 university students completed a sexual double standard IAT, an explicit measure of the double standard and measures of socially desirable responding. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that levels of socially desirable responding were not related to implicit or explicit double standards. Men endorsed a stronger explicit traditional double standard than women, whereas for implicit sexual standards, men demonstrated a relatively gender-neutral evaluation and women demonstrated a strong reverse double standard. These results suggest the existence of a complex double standard, and indicate that more research of sexual attitudes should include implicit measures.


Author(s):  
Ana Frias

Abstract:SEXUAL DOUBLE STANDARD AND CONTRACEPTION IN ADOLESCENTSSeveral areas of knowledge have exploited differences/similarities between men and women and the reflexes that these aspects have in the sexuality experience. Human cultures, structured and shaped on the basis of sexual differences, separate roles, tasks and privileges between both sexes, emerging sexual patterns characterized in each eco-cultural space. Some authors say, female sexuality formula have a higher dose of culture regarding the biological substrate facet, than male sexuality. Objectives: 1) Characterize the trends of teens about sexual double standard; 2) Characterize adolescents attitudes in relation to the use of contraception; 3) Relate sexual double standard trends with contraceptive attitudes. Methodology: Current research is quantitative and exploratory in nature. In a group of 351 adolescents in school environment the relationship between the double standard and contraceptive attitudes were studied, using Double Standard Scale (Caron et al., 1993) and the Contraceptive Attitude Scale (Kyes 5, s.d.). The data analysis was performed using SPSS- 19 program. Results: A double-standard tend liberal was identified mainly in girls, not being influenced by age when considering the total of the subjects. However, double standard was inversely related to age in the girls subgroup. Favorable attitudes were identified in relation to contraception, not influenced by age, noting the girls awareness. Double standard is more liberal in individuals predisposed to use contraception. Conclusions: Sexual double standard and attitudes related to contraception are important aspects to work when you intend to study sexuality in adolescence, to the extent that can increase knowledge of health technicians, particularly nurses, and promote change. Aware of this, it is appropriate to continue to perform studies that characterize male and female teenagers according to contraceptive attitudes.Keywords: Adolescence; sexuality; double standard; contraception.Resumo:Várias áreas do conhecimento têm explorado as diferenças/semelhanças entre homens e mulheres e os reflexos que esses aspetos têm na vivência da sexualidade. As culturas humanas, são estruturadas e moldadas na base de diferenças sexuais, separando papéis, tarefas e privilégios entre os dois sexos, surgindo os padrões sexuais caracterizados em cada espaço eco-cultural. Segundo alguns autores, a fórmula da sexualidade feminina têm uma maior dose de cultura relativamente à faceta do substrato biológico, que a sexualidade masculina. Objetivos: 1) Caracterizar as tendências dos adolescentes quanto a duplo padrão sexual; 2) Caracterizar as atitudes dos adolescentes face ao uso de contraceção; 3) Relacionar as tendências do duplo padrão sexual com as atitudes contracetivas. Metodologia: A pesquisa atual é de natureza quantitativa e de carácter exploratório. Estudou-se num grupo de 351 adolescentes, em meio escolar, as relações entre o duplo padrão e as atitudes contracetivas. Utilizou-se a escala de Duplo Padrão (Caron, Davis, Halteman. & Stickle, 1993) e a escala de Atitudes Contracetivas (Kyes, s.d.). O tratamento dos dados foi efetuado no programa SPSS-19. Resultados: Identificou-se um duplo padrão tendencialmente liberal, mais sublinhado nas raparigas, não sendo influenciado pela idade ao considerar o total dos sujeitos. Contudo o duplo padrão mostrou-se inversamente relacionado com a idade no subgrupo das raparigas. Identificaram-se atitudes favoráveis face à contraceção, não influenciadas pela idade, constatandose contudo maior sensibilização das raparigas. Observou-se que o duplo padrão é mais liberal nos indivíduos mais predispostos ao uso de contraceção. Conclusões: O duplo padrão sexual e as atitudes face à contraceção são aspetos importantes a trabalhar quando se pretende estudar a sexualidade na adolescência, na medida em que podem aumentar o conhecimento dos técnicos de saúde, nomeadamente dos enfermeiros, e promover mudanças. Conscientes desta problemática, sugerese- nos adequado continuar a realizar estudos que caracterizem os adolescentes masculinos e femininos face a atitudes contracetivas.Palavras-Chave: Adolescência, sexualidade, duplo padrão, contraceção.


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