scholarly journals Gaze and speech behavior in parent–child interactions: The role of conflict and cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs A. Holleman ◽  
Ignace T. C. Hooge ◽  
Jorg Huijding ◽  
Maja Deković ◽  
Chantal Kemner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Human Social Behavior ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractA primary mode of human social behavior is face-to-face interaction. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of gaze and its relation to speech behavior during video-mediated face-to-face interactions between parents and their preadolescent children. 81 parent–child dyads engaged in conversations about cooperative and conflictive family topics. We used a dual-eye tracking setup that is capable of concurrently recording eye movements, frontal video, and audio from two conversational partners. Our results show that children spoke more in the cooperation-scenario whereas parents spoke more in the conflict-scenario. Parents gazed slightly more at the eyes of their children in the conflict-scenario compared to the cooperation-scenario. Both parents and children looked more at the other's mouth region while listening compared to while speaking. Results are discussed in terms of the role that parents and children take during cooperative and conflictive interactions and how gaze behavior may support and coordinate such interactions.

The role of type of activity in parent–child interactions within a family literacy programme: comparing prompting boards and shared reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanneke de la Rie ◽  
Roel C. M. van Steensel ◽  
Amos J. S. van Gelderen ◽  
Sabine Severiens
Keyword(s):  
Family Literacy ◽  
Shared Reading ◽  
Literacy Programme ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals Level of abstraction in parent–child interactions: the role of activity type and socioeconomic status

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-159
Author(s):  
Sanneke Rie ◽  
Roel C.M. Steensel ◽  
Amos J.S. Gelderen ◽  
Sabine Severiens
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

Emotion regulation in children with behavior problems: Linking behavioral and brain processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Granic ◽  
Liesel-Ann Meusel ◽  
Connie Lamm ◽  
Steven Woltering ◽  
Marc D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Flexibility Measures ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractPast studies have shown that aggressive children exhibit rigid (rather than flexible) parent–child interactions; these rigid repertoires may provide the context through which children fail to acquire emotion-regulation skills. Difficulties in regulating emotion are associated with minimal activity in dorsal systems in the cerebral cortex, for example, the anterior cingulate cortex. The current study aimed to integrate parent–child and neurocognitive indices of emotion regulation and examine their associations for the first time. Sixty children (8–12 years old) referred for treatment for aggression underwent two assessments. Brain processes related to emotion regulation were assessed using dense-array EEG with a computerized go/no-go task. The N2 amplitudes thought to tap inhibitory control were recorded, and a source analysis was conducted. In the second assessment, parents and children were videotaped while trying to solve a conflict topic. State space grids were used to derive two dynamic flexibility parameters from the coded videotapes: (a) the number of transitions between emotional states and (b) the dispersion of emotional states, based on proportional durations in each state. The regression results showed that flexibility measures were not related to N2 amplitudes. However, flexibility measures were significantly associated with the ratio of dorsal to ventral source activation: for transitions, ΔR2 = .27, F (1, 34) = 13.13, p = .001; for dispersion, ΔR2 = .29, F (1, 35) = 14.76, p < .001. Thus, in support of our main hypothesis, greater dyadic flexibility was associated with a higher ratio of dorsomedial to ventral activation, suggesting that children with more flexible parent–child interactions are able to recruit relatively more dorsomedial activity in challenging situations.

The Role of Maternal Distress in a Parent Training Program to Modify Child Non-compliance

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Forehand ◽  
W. M. Furey ◽  
R. J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Parent Perceptions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Training Program ◽  
Parent Child

This paper reviews the effects of maternal distress on several aspects of parent—child interactions that were identified in the course of a parent training program for child non-compliance. Distress was measured by a number of self-report questionnaires examining depression, anxiety, marital relations, and extrafamilial relationships. The parent training program is initially reviewed. Subsequently, pretreatment relationships between maternal distress and parent—child interactions were examined. Distress appears to be related primarily to measures of parent perceptions of child maladjustment. Several relationships between distress and treatment outcome also were noted. A recent study designed to enhance parent training by modifying maternal distress factors is presented. Finally, implications and limitations of the data are discussed.

scholarly journals Combining Recurrence Analysis and Automatic Movement Extraction from Video Recordings to Study Behavioral Coupling in Face-to-Face Parent-Child Interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David López Pérez ◽  
Giuseppe Leonardi ◽  
Alicja Niedźwiecka ◽  
Alicja Radkowska ◽  
Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals Parent-Child Conversations About Biological Kinds as a Potential Contributor to the Variability in Biological Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-276
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tarłowski
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract There is a growing body of research on variability in the early development of biological knowledge. Most of the studies focus on the variability related to culture and direct exposure to nature, however, there is also data suggesting that parental input plays an important role. In children’s first years of life, parents play a key role in scaffolding development. It is therefore very important to provide a detailed account of how parents contribute to children’s understanding of living things, and how they convey biological knowledge through everyday conversations. The present article provides a review of the literature on variability in biological knowledge and parent-child conversations about biological kinds. It also presents original data from parent-child interactions while viewing picture books. Eighteen parent-child dyads who differed in the level of parental expertise within biology, talked while viewing books containing 24 photographs of animals and plants. The speech analysis specified labeling, perceptual and conceptual descriptions, relational, and mentalistic talk. Parents also completed a questionnaire on the child’s interests. The results showed that biology expert families produced more content overall, and a higher proportion of relational content than lay families. The findings help elucidate the specific role parents have in shaping children’s early biological understanding. In particular, I discuss the role of relational language in shaping children’s ontological commitments.

scholarly journals Play & Grow: prospective observational cohort of toddlers to inform obesity prevention, Columbus, Ohio, USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e055490
Author(s):  
Andria Parrott ◽  
Bharathi J Zvara ◽  
Sarah A Keim ◽  
Rebecca Andridge ◽  
Sarah E Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Graduate Degree ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Parent Child

PurposeObesity prevention is increasingly focused on early childhood, but toddlers have not been well-studied, and children born preterm are frequently excluded. The Play & Grow Cohort was established to investigate child growth in relation to parent-child interactions in mealtime and non-mealtime settings.ParticipantsBetween December 2017 and May 2019, 300 toddlers and primary caregivers were recruited from records of a large paediatric care provider in Columbus, Ohio, USA. This report describes recruitment of the cohort and outlines the data collection protocols for two toddler and two preschool-age visits. The first study visit coincided with enrolment and occurred when children (57% boys) were a mean (SD) calendar age of 18.2 (0.7) months.Findings to dateChildren in the cohort are diverse relative to gestational age at birth (16%, 28–31 completed weeks’ gestation; 21%, 32–36 weeks’ gestation; 63%, ≥37 weeks’ gestation) and race/ethnicity (8%, Hispanic; 35%, non-Hispanic black; 46%, non-Hispanic white). Caregivers enrolled in the cohort are primarily the child’s biological mother (93%) and are diverse in age (range 18–54 years), education (23%, high school or less; 20% graduate degree) and annual household income (27%, <US$20 000 24%, ≥US$90 000). Parent-child interactions were video-recorded during play in the laboratory at 18 months (n=299) and during play, reading and mealtime in the home (n=284) at 24 months. The preschool phase of the study was impacted by COVID-19. Parent-child interactions were video-recorded during play and mealtime at home at 36 months (n=141) and during a standardised buffet meal in the laboratory at 42 months (n=50). Caregivers unable to participate in face-to-face visits due to COVID-19 completed questionnaires.Future plansAssessment during middle childhood is being planned. Future visits will include anthropometric measurements and parent-child interactions at mealtime. School-based outcomes are additionally being considered.

scholarly journals Who Is Influencing Whom? Latino Parent–Child Request Interactions and Product Purchases in Food Retail Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana A. Castro ◽  
Joanna Calderon ◽  
Guadalupe X. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Food Store ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Shopping Trip ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Interaction Research ◽  
Parent Child

This study examines Latino parent–child interactions about foods and beverages requested in food retail environments in San Diego, CA. It seeks to extend our understanding of parent–child request interactions and purchases by studying how the number of product request interactions and purchases differ based on four factors that have been understudied in previous parent–child interaction research: parent gender, child gender, product healthfulness, and who initiated the request interaction (parent or child). By unobtrusively observing Latino parent–child dyads for the duration of a brief shopping trip, we found that parent and child gender are related to the number of request interactions initiated by parents and children. For gender-specific child-initiated request interactions, sons initiated more request interactions with fathers while daughters initiated more request interactions with mothers. Most request interactions were for products that were categorized as calorie dense, and a higher percentage of these products were purchased as a result of parent-initiated (vs. child-initiated) request interactions. The results provide important considerations for practitioners and researchers working on improving nutrition and reducing obesity. Assumptions about who is influencing whom in food store request interactions are challenged, requiring more research.

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