scholarly journals Developments in Biological Mechanisms and Treatments for Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Dysfunction of Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongqiong Wu ◽  
Xiaoyi Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yu-Jun Long ◽  
Jing-Ping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Therapies

AbstractThe causal mechanisms and treatment for the negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are the main issues attracting the attention of psychiatrists over the last decade. The first part of this review summarizes the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, especially the negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction from the perspectives of genetics and epigenetics. The second part describes the novel medications and several advanced physical therapies (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation) for the negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction that will optimize the therapeutic strategy for patients with schizophrenia in future.

scholarly journals Funktionserholung nach Schlaganfall und die therapeutische Rolle der nicht-invasiven Hirnstimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Caroline Tscherpel ◽  
Christian Grefkes
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Transkranielle Magnetstimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation

ZusammenfassungIm Bereich der non-invasiven Hirnstimulation stellen die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (engl. transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) sowie die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (engl. transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) bis heute die wichtigsten Techniken zur Modulation kortikaler Erregbarkeit dar. Beide Verfahren induzieren Nacheffekte, welche die Zeit der reinen Stimulation überdauern, und ebnen damit den Weg für ihren therapeutischen Einsatz beim Schlaganfall. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die aktuelle Datenlage TMS- und tDCS-vermittelter Therapien für die häufigsten schlaganfallbedingten Defizite wie Hemiparese, Aphasie und Neglect. Darüber hinaus adressieren wir mögliche Einschränkungen der gegenwärtigen Ansätze und zeigen Ansatzpunkte auf, um Neuromodulation nach Schlaganfall effektiver zu gestalten und damit das Outcome der Patienten zu verbessern.

scholarly journals Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation appear to be safe neuromodulatory techniques useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders and other neuropsychiatric disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Iannone ◽  
Antonio Pedro de Mello Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Pereira Brasil-Neto ◽  
Raphael Boechat-Barros
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently been investigated as a possible adjuvant treatment for many neuropsychiatric disorders, and has already been approved for the treatment of drug-resistant depression in the United States and in Brazil, among other countries. Although its use in other neuropsychiatric disorders is still largely experimental, many physicians have been using it as an off-label add-on therapy for various disorders. More recently, another technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has also become available as a much cheaper and portable alternative to TMS, although its mechanisms of action are different from those of TMS. The use of off-label therapeutic TMS or tDCS tends to occur in the setting of diseases that are notoriously resistant to other treatment modalities. Here we discuss the case of anxiety disorders, namely panic and post-traumatic stress disorders, highlighting the uncertainties and potential problems and benefits of the clinical use of these neuromodulatory techniques at the current stage of knowledge.

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