scholarly journals Clinical Applications of Patient-Specific Models: The Case for a Simple Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Holmes ◽  
Joost Lumens
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane A. de Zélicourt ◽  
Alison Marsden ◽  
Mark A. Fogel ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xie ◽  
Wenting Luo ◽  
Zhongyu Zhang ◽  
Dawei Sun

There is an urgent need for early diagnosis in medicine, whereupon effective treatments could prevent irreversible tissue damage. The special structure of the eye provides a unique opportunity for noninvasive light-based imaging of ocular fundus vasculature. To detect endothelial injury at the early and reversible stage of adhesion molecule upregulation, some novel imaging agents that target retinal endothelial molecules were generated.In vivomolecular imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases or screening disease in early stages, identifying extent of disease, selecting disease and patient-specific therapeutic treatment, applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation such as endoscopes and microcatheters suggest that these molecular imaging modalities have numerous clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Meghan J. Arwood ◽  
Caitrin Rowe McDonough ◽  
Larisa H. Cavallari ◽  
Amanda R. Elsey ◽  
Reginald F. Frye ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Compare effectiveness of a patient case-based, interactive teaching approach that included optional student genotyping with traditional didactic teaching strategies for increasing students’ knowledge and ability to effectively use pharmacogenomic data in clinical decision making. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UF College of Pharmacy offers a required Personalized Medicine (PM) course for pharmacy students as well as an elective course, Clinical Applications of Personalized Medicine (CAPM). Students dual enrolled in the PM and elective CAPM courses comprised the intervention (INT) group, with interactive patient case-based teaching and the option to undergo personal genotyping, whereas students enrolled in PM alone comprised the control (CTR) group, which primarily used a traditional didactic teaching format and did not include personal genotyping. Both groups completed a pre- and post-course patient case-based test (15 questions/1 point each) to evaluate their knowledge and abilities to apply genotype and other patient-specific data to drug therapy recommendations. Pre- and post-course test scores for knowledge were compared between the INT and CTR groups using the Student t-test. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 52 students completed surveys (INT group, n=21; CTR group, n=31). Race was similar between groups, but there were fewer females in the INT compared with CTR group (8 vs. 22, p=0.02). Pre-course knowledge scores did not differ between INT and CTR groups (6.8±2.2 vs. 6.3±1.6 respectively, p=0.34), however, post-course scores were significantly higher in the INT Versus CTR group (10.0±2.3 vs. 7.5±1.7, p<0.0001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: There have been significant advancements in the clinical applications of pharmacogenomic and genomic data, however, barriers to routine clinical adoption of genomic medicine persist. Developing education and training methods that equip practitioners to effectively translate genomic data into evidence-based clinical recommendations has been identified as a key strategy to overcome such barriers. Our data suggest that a personalized medicine course that employs patient-centered, case-based teaching strategies and includes optional personal genotyping for students compared with traditional didactic instruction improves students’ knowledge and abilities to apply pharmacogenomic data in practice-based scenarios. These results can inform future strategies for educating healthcare professionals on the clinical use of pharmacogenomic and genomic data.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Daniel Cernica ◽  
Imre Benedek ◽  
Stefania Polexa ◽  
Cosmin Tolescu ◽  
Theodora Benedek

The increasing complexity of cardiovascular interventions requires advanced peri-procedural imaging and tailored treatment. Three-dimensional printing technology represents one of the most significant advances in the field of cardiac imaging, interventional cardiology or cardiovascular surgery. Patient-specific models may provide substantial information on intervention planning in complex cardiovascular diseases, and volumetric medical imaging from CT or MRI can be translated into patient-specific 3D models using advanced post-processing applications. 3D printing and additive manufacturing have a great variety of clinical applications targeting anatomy, implants and devices, assisting optimal interventional treatment and post-interventional evaluation. Although the 3D printing technology still lacks scientific evidence, its benefits have been shown in structural heart diseases as well as for treatment of complex arrhythmias and corrective surgery interventions. Recent development has enabled transformation of conventional 3D printing into complex 3D functional living tissues contributing to regenerative medicine through engineered bionic materials such hydrogels, cell suspensions or matrix components. This review aims to present the most recent clinical applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular medicine, highlighting also the potential for future development of this revolutionary technology in the medical field.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 036017
Author(s):  
Carmen Solanes ◽  
Jose L. Durá ◽  
M Ángeles Canós ◽  
Jose De Andrés ◽  
Luis Martí-Bonmatí ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20120062 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kohout ◽  
G. J. Clapworthy ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
Y. Tao ◽  
G. Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
...  

In many biomechanical problems, the availability of a suitable model for the wrapping of muscles when undergoing movement is essential for the estimation of forces produced on and by the body during motion. This is an important factor in the Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human project which is investigating the likelihood of fracture for osteoporotic patients undertaking a variety of movements. The weakening of their skeletons makes them particularly vulnerable to bone fracture caused by excessive loading being placed on the bones, even in simple everyday tasks. This paper provides an overview of a novel volumetric model that describes muscle wrapping around bones and other muscles during movement, and which includes a consideration of how the orientations of the muscle fibres change during the motion. The method can calculate the form of wrapping of a muscle of medium size and visualize the outcome within tenths of seconds on commodity hardware, while conserving muscle volume. This makes the method suitable not only for educational biomedical software, but also for clinical applications used to identify weak muscles that should be strengthened during rehabilitation or to identify bone stresses in order to estimate the risk of fractures.


Author(s):  
E. A. Kenik ◽  
J. Bentley

Cliff and Lorimer (1) have proposed a simple approach to thin foil x-ray analy sis based on the ratio of x-ray peak intensities. However, there are several experimental pitfalls which must be recognized in obtaining the desired x-ray intensities. Undesirable x-ray induced fluorescence of the specimen can result from various mechanisms and leads to x-ray intensities not characteristic of electron excitation and further results in incorrect intensity ratios.In measuring the x-ray intensity ratio for NiAl as a function of foil thickness, Zaluzec and Fraser (2) found the ratio was not constant for thicknesses where absorption could be neglected. They demonstrated that this effect originated from x-ray induced fluorescence by blocking the beam with lead foil. The primary x-rays arise in the illumination system and result in varying intensity ratios and a finite x-ray spectrum even when the specimen is not intercepting the electron beam, an ‘in-hole’ spectrum. We have developed a second technique for detecting x-ray induced fluorescence based on the magnitude of the ‘in-hole’ spectrum with different filament emission currents and condenser apertures.


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