Teacher and School Characteristics Associated with the Identification and Referral of Adolescent Depression and Oppositional Defiant Disorders by U.S. Teachers

Prenatal-postnatal maternal anxiety mismatch, maternal stroking, child irritability and general psychopathology ‘p’ at age 7 years; findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study

10.31234/osf.io/7wxrd ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Hill ◽

Andrew Pickles ◽

Nicola Wright ◽

Helen Sharp

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽

Maternal Anxiety ◽

Fetal Origins ◽

Development Study ◽

General Psychopathology ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

Health And Development

BackgroundAccording to fetal origins hypotheses, mismatched prenatal-postnatal conditions will be associated with poor health outcomes. Based on previous findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS) that associations between prenatal anxiety and child anxious- depressed symptoms were modified by mothers’ reports of infant stroking, we predicted similar effects following mismatched prenatal-postnatal maternal anxiety. Low stroking would be associated with poorer outcome. In view of associations between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) irritability and adolescent depression, our models predicted irritability, controlling for general psychopathology ‘p’, and contrasted with headstrong, to test for specificity. Based on animal and human evidence we predicted that the effect would be seen only in girls.MethodsMothers in the WCHADS, a general population cohort recruited at 20 weeks pregnancy, provided self- reported anxiety during pregnancy, and at 9 weeks, 14 months and 3.5 years postpartum, frequency of infant stroking at 9 weeks. Mothers and teachers reported child symptoms at age 7 years. Irritability scores were available from 668 children, and SEM models with maximum-likelihood estimates made use of data from 887 participants. ResultsThere was a three way interaction between prenatal and postnatal anxiety and maternal stroking. This arose because lower stroking at 9 weeks was associated with higher irritability at 7 years, only in the mismatched, low-high and high-low maternal anxiety groups. The effect was unchanged after accounting for associations with general psychopathology, ‘p’. There was no effect on headstrong symptoms. Despite an overall effect on irritability in separate analyses this was confined to girls. ConclusionsPostnatal modifications of prenatal effects of maternal anxiety were specific to child irritability, and seen only in girls. Given associations between child irritability and adolescent depression, the findings provide further indications of mechanisms for fetal and postnatal origins of affective disorders in adolescence and beyond.

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Internalisierende Symptome bei depressiven Jugendlichen

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000206 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manuela Gander ◽

Anna Buchheim

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Probability Scale ◽

Youth Self Report ◽

Aggressives Verhalten ◽

Soziale Probleme ◽

Suicide Probability Scale ◽

Körperliche Beschwerden ◽

Angst Und Depressivität

Fragestellung: Um die Effektivität von Lehrerausbildungsprogrammen zu verbessern, ist es wichtig die unterschiedlichen Manifestationsformen der Depression bei jugendlichen Schüler und Schülerinnen gründlicher zu analysieren. Diese Studie untersucht die Ausprägung und Häufigkeit internalisierender Auffälligkeiten bei Jugendlichen mit depressiver Symptomatik und deren Zusammenhang zu einem erhöhten Suizidrisiko. Methodik: Mit dem Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2, dem Youth Self-Report und dem Suicide Probability Scale wurden 403 Jugendliche an österreichischen allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen (212 Mädchen und 191 Buben) im Alter zwischen 16 und 18 Jahren untersucht. Ergebnisse: 35 %, also über ein Drittel der Jugendlichen mit depressiven Symptomen, liegen zwar im internalisierend auffälligen Bereich, jedoch zeigen sie keine Auffälligkeiten im externalisierenden Bereich. Anhand der Regressionsanalyse zeigte sich, dass im internalisierenden Bereich insbesondere körperliche Beschwerden, Angst und Depressivität ausgeprägt sind. Neben diesen deuten aber auch Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme und schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten auf eine depressive Symptomatik hin. Hinsichtlich des Suizidrisikos sind Depressivität, Angst, schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten, soziale Probleme und aggressives Verhalten prädiktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studienergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit bereits bestehenden Studien zur Erkennung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im schulischen Kontext diskutiert. Durch die Integration der Ergebnisse in Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrpersonen soll eine Sensibilisierung auf den Bereich depressiver Jugendlicher mit internalisierenden Symptomen ermöglicht und die Identifikation erleichtert werden.

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Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder Symptoms

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.17.1.25 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. Leonard Burns ◽

James A. Walsh ◽

David R. Patterson ◽

Carol S. Holte ◽

Rita Sommers-Flanagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Disruptive Behavior Disorder ◽

Subjective Rating ◽

Time Interval ◽

Assessment Procedure ◽

Frequency Count ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant

Summary: Rating scales are commonly used to measure the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). While these scales have positive psychometric properties, the scales share a potential weakness - the use of vague or subjective rating procedures to measure symptom occurrence (e. g., never, occasionally, often, and very often). Rating procedures based on frequency counts for a specific time interval (e. g., never, once, twice, once per month, once per week, once per day, more than once per day) are less subjective and provide a conceptually better assessment procedure for these symptoms. Such a frequency count procedure was used to obtain parent ratings on the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in a normative (nonclinical) sample of 3,500 children and adolescents. Although the current study does not provide a direct comparison of the two types of rating procedures, the results suggest that the frequency count procedure provides a potentially more useful way to measure these symptoms. The implications of the results are noted for the construction of rating scales to measure the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms.

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