Modeling the Cost Savings of Continuous Pulse Oximetry and Capnography Monitoring of United States General Care Floor Patients Receiving Opioids Based on the PRODIGY Trial

Objective: Operating rooms (OR) generate a large portion of hospital revenue and waste. Consequently, improving efficiency and reducing waste is a high priority. Our objective was to quantify waste associated with opened but unused instruments from trays and to compare this with the cost of individually wrapping instruments.Methods: Data was collected from June to November of 2013 in a 550-bed hospital in the United States. We recorded the instrument usage of two commonly-used trays for ten cases each. The time to decontaminate and reassemble instrument trays and peel packs was measured, and the cost to reprocess one instrument was calculated.Results: Average utilization was 14% for the Plastic Soft Tissue Tray and 29% for the Major Laparotomy Tray. Of 98 instruments in the Plastics tray (n = 10), 0% was used in all cases observed and 59% were used in no observed cases. Of 110 instruments in the Major Tray (n = 10), 0% was used in all cases observed and 25% were used in no observed cases. Average cost to reprocess one instrument was $0.34-$0.47 in a tray and $0.81-$0.84 in a peel pack, or individually-wrapped instrument.Conclusions: We estimate that the cost of peel packing an instrument is roughly two times the cost of tray packing. Therefore, it becomes more cost effective from a processing standpoint to package an instrument in a peel pack when there is less than a 42%-56% probability of use depending on instrument type. This study demonstrates an opportunity for reorganization of instrument delivery that could result in a significant cost-savings and waste reduction.

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Patterns in continuous pulse oximetry data prior to pulseless electrical activity arrest in the general care setting

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing ◽

10.1007/s10877-020-00509-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Susan P. McGrath ◽

Irina M. Perreard ◽

Todd MacKenzie ◽

George T. Blike

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Pulse Oximetry ◽

Care Setting ◽

Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽

General Care ◽

Continuous Pulse

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PROTOTYPE EXPERIENCE WITH RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v20.153 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1 (20) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

K.J. MacIntosh ◽

W.F. Baird

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cost Savings ◽

The United States ◽

Cost Structure ◽

Simple Construction ◽

Significant Cost ◽

Prototype Experience ◽

Rubble Mound ◽

The Cost ◽

Rubble Mound Breakwaters

At the 19th ICE Conference in Houston in 1984 an alternative concept for the design of rubble mound breakwaters was introduced. This concept has the objective of providing a least cost structure by optimizing the use of locally available materials and utilizing simple construction procedures. Contractors' bids demonstrated that significant cost savings could be achieved, when compared to the cost of traditional designs. Considerable prototype experience has now been obtained with this concept of breakwaters. Breakwaters have been built using the concept in Canada, the United States, and Iceland since 1984 and have been subjected to storms and ice action. Prototype observations have supported the performance predicted during the design process. In this paper surveys of a breakwater taken after construction and after storm action are presented. In addition to wave action, this breakwater has also been subjected to extensive ice action. The response of the breakwater has been monitored and observed and is discussed.

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The Cost of Home Birth in the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10361

Author(s):

David Anderson ◽

Gabrielle Gilkison

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Home Birth ◽

The United States ◽

Low Risk ◽

Home Births ◽

Nationwide Study ◽

Birth Center ◽

Birth Centers ◽

The Cost

Policy decisions about the accessibility of home birth hinge on questions of safety and affordability. Families consider safety and cost along with the comfort and familiarity of birthing venues. A substantial literature addresses safety concerns, generally reporting that for low-risk mothers in the care of credentialed midwives, the safety of planned home births is comparable to that in birth centers and hospitals. The lack of notable safety tradeoffs for low-risk mothers elevates the relevance of the economic efficiency of home births. The available cost figures for home births are largely out of date or anecdotal. The purpose of this research is to offer scholars, policymakers, and families improved estimates of both the cost of home births and the potential savings from greater access to home births. On the basis of a nationwide study, we estimate that the average cost of a home birth in the United States is USD 4650, which is significantly below existing cost estimates for an uncomplicated birth center or hospital birth. Further, we find that each shift of one percent of births from hospitals to homes would represent an annual cost savings to society of at least USD 321 million.

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Exploration-Stage Implementation Variation

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 222 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stephanie Romney ◽

Nathaniel Israel ◽

Danijela Zlatevski

Keyword(s):

Parent Training ◽

Average Cost ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Training Group ◽

Group Differences ◽

Triple P ◽

Community Based ◽

Parent Training Program ◽

A Site ◽

The Cost

The present study examines the effect of agency-level implementation variation on the cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based parent training program (Positive Parenting Program: “Triple P”). Staff from six community-based agencies participated in a five-day training to prepare them to deliver a 12-week Triple P parent training group to caregivers. Prior to the training, administrators and staff from four of the agencies completed a site readiness process intended to prepare them for the implementation demands of successfully delivering the group, while the other two agencies did not complete the process. Following the delivery of each agency’s first Triple P group, the graduation rate and average cost per class graduate were calculated. The average cost-per-graduate was over seven times higher for the two agencies that had not completed the readiness process than for the four completing agencies ($7,811 vs. $1,052). The contrast in costs was due to high participant attrition in the Triple P groups delivered by the two agencies that did not complete the readiness process. The odds of Triple P participants graduating were 12.2 times greater for those in groups run by sites that had completed the readiness process. This differential attrition was not accounted for by between-group differences in participant characteristics at pretest. While the natural design of this study limits the ability to empirically test all alternative explanations, these findings indicate a striking cost savings for sites completing the readiness process and support the thoughtful application of readiness procedures in the early stages of an implementation initiative.

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REKAYASA NILAI HARGA PEMBUATAN TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN TIRTO PENATARAN ASRI TIPE 70/135 KECAMATAN NGLEGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR

JURNAL QUA TEKNIKA ◽

10.30957/quateknika.v7i1.217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Mochamad Tamim Ma’ruf

Keyword(s):

Engineering Application ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Comparison Method ◽

Value Engineering ◽

Design Work ◽

Housing Projects ◽

Initial Design ◽

A Value ◽

The Cost ◽

Design Proposal

One-solving methods and techniques necessary to avoid inefficiencies and not economic costs as well as reduce the cost of housing construction is the method of Value Engineering. Value engineering is a method and cost control techniques to analyze a function to its value at the lowest cost alternative (most economical) without reducing the quality desired.At the writing of this study used a comparison method by comparing the initial design to the design proposal of the author. In the housing projects Upgrading Tirto Penataran Asri type 70, the application of Value Engineering conducted on the job a couple walls and roofs pair by replacing some work items with a more economical alternative but does not change the original function and high aesthetic level and still qualify safe. For that performed the step of determining a work item, the alternative stage, the analysis stage, and the stage of recommendations to get a Value Engineering application and cost savings against the wall a couple of work items and partner roof.The proposed design as compared to the initial design. Work items discussed was the work of a couple wall having analyzed obtained savings of Rp. 2,747,643.56 and the work of the roof pair obtained savings of Rp. 2,363,446.80. Thus the total overall savings gained is Rp 5,111,090.36 or savings of 0048%.

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Geological studies of the COST GE-1 well, United States South Atlantic outer continental shelf area

Circular ◽

10.3133/cir800 ◽

1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter A. Scholle

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Continental Shelf ◽

South Atlantic ◽

Shelf Area ◽

Outer Continental Shelf ◽

United States South ◽

Continental Shelf Area ◽

The Cost

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Cost-minimization analysis of drugs used in the treatment of Asthma and COPD diseases in India

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885515999200813193250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Billu Payal ◽

Anoop Kumar ◽

Harsh Saxena

Keyword(s):

Generic Drugs ◽

Cost Minimization ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pulmonary Medicine ◽

Potential Cost ◽

Maximum Cost ◽

Cost Minimization Analysis ◽

Cost Variation ◽

The Cost

Background: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) are well known respiratory diseases affecting millions of peoples in India. In the market, various branded generics, as well as generic drugs, are available for their treatment and how much cost will be saved by utilizing generic medicine is still unclear among physicians. Thus, the main aim of the current investigation was to perform cost-minimization analysis of generic versus branded generic (high and low expensive) drugs and branded generic (high expensive) versus branded generic (least expensive) used in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Era Medical University, Lucknow for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Methodology: The current index of medical stores (CIMS) was referred for the cost of branded drugs whereas the cost of generic drugs was taken from Jan Aushadi scheme of India 2016. The percentage of cost variation particularly to Asthma and COPD regimens on substituting available generic drugs was calculated using standard formula and costs were presented in Indian Rupees (as of 2019). Results: The maximum cost variation was found between the respules budesonide high expensive branded generic versus least expensive branded generic drugs and generic versus high expensive branded generic. In combination, the maximum cost variation was observed in the montelukast and levocetirizine combination. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study inferred that substituting generic antiasthmatics and COPD drugs can bring potential cost savings in patients.

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Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

Forum for Health Economics & Policy ◽

10.2202/1558-9544.1220 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas G Koch

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Health Care Spending ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Dynamic Measures ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

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