scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Robot Engagement Communication on Learning from Demonstration

Author(s):  
Mingfei Sun ◽  
Zhenhui Peng ◽  
Meng Xia ◽  
Xiaojuan Ma

AbstractRobot learning from demonstration (RLfD) is a technique for robots to derive policies from instructors’ examples. Although the reciprocal effects of student engagement on teacher behavior are widely recognized in the educational community, it is unclear whether the same phenomenon holds for RLfD. To fill this gap, we first design three types of robot engagement behavior (gaze, imitation, and a hybrid of the two) based on the learning literature. We then conduct, in a simulation environment, a within-subject user study to investigate the impact of different robot engagement cues on humans compared to a “without-engagement” condition. Results suggest that engagement communication has significantly negative influences on the human’s estimation of the simulated robots’ capability and significantly raises their expectation towards the learning outcomes, even though we do not run actual imitation learning algorithms in the experiments. Moreover, imitation behavior affects humans more than gaze does in all metrics, while their combination has the most profound influences on humans. We also find that communicating engagement via imitation or the combined behavior significantly improves humans’ perception towards the quality of simulated demonstrations, even if all demonstrations are of the same quality.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
A. Bruce Caster ◽  
Wanda K. Causseaux

Business students are generally introduced to LIFO and FIFO in their first accounting course. However, that introduction generally focuses exclusively on computing ending inventory and cost of goods sold.  Students are rarely challenged to compute or analyze the impacts of LIFO and FIFO on the income statement, balance sheet, or cash flow statement.  This paper presents a hypothetical case designed to provide a framework within which students can compute, analyze, and discuss the financial statement impacts and economic impacts of choosing one or the other of these accounting methods.  The questions in this case also address the effects of this choice on financial indicators like liquidity ratios, the impacts of each method on quality of earnings, and the potential impacts of IFRS convergence on companies that are currently using LIFO.One important feature of this case is its adaptability to support a variety of learning outcomes in different courses.  This flexibility results from making the questions posed in the case as independent of each other as possible.  That independence allows a professor to select only the questions that support the learning outcomes for that professor’s specific course.  The teaching notes discuss in detail possible course applications and uses of this case.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Falah Khalaf Ali ◽  
Ahmed Talib Hameed Haddad

The research is concerned with the development of the quality of the learning outcomes through the development of a general system and a road map in order to make a qualitative leap in these outputs. This requires knowledge of the nature of the contemporary global intellectual climate (the climate of globalization) In the developed world. If specialized architectural knowledge is one of this economic knowledge, the graduates of this specialization are a feature of that knowledge that characterizes the country and carry cultural characteristics in addition to the qualities of their architectural specialization in order to practice their profession and provide the local labor market and then the world with their skills and expertise of the quality of excellence Scientifically and practically. This requires the knowledge of the nature of educational thought with its different philosophies and theories, which contribute effectively to the creation of an environment of architectural learning and the formation of those skills and specialized architectural expertise, and then to identify the quality features in architectural education, which is an integral part of the quality of higher education. The problem of research was to determine the quality requirements of the architectural learning outcomes in Iraq within a temporal space compatible with the contemporary intellectual climate, assuming a comprehensive strategic system for the different intellectual contexts affecting the architectural education under one intellectual umbrella to achieve the objective of research in building the ground for the development of architectural education. Which outlines the requirements for the quality of these outputs, and this is what the research done specifically through the development of a general framework for it. To come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations that emphasize the importance of taking into account the impact of global thought and educational thought and the conditions and standards of quality of architectural education by placing them within one system of development that takes into account the conditions of specialization and local culture and market needs.


The solution of the two-dimensional heat equation is represented as images. The considered heat equation is 2 2 2 2 . U U U t x y                  , 0 1, 0 1     x y . The Boundary conditions are U y t U y t (0, , ) 0, (1, , ) 0,   U x t ( ,0, ) 0,  and U x t ( ,1, ) 0  and the initial condition is U x y x y ( , ,0) sin 4 cos 4         . The images provide quick but approximate insights to the solution. Approximation by image visualization depends on many factors such as the display device, human eye factors, image resolution (sampling rate and bit depth of the image), and image resize methods. We have provided images for different time t and different resolutions We have studied the impact of different sampling rate and different image resize methods on the quality of the images. User study is performed for qualitative inspection and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is used as a quantitative measure of the relative similarity in images with respect to different sampling rate and time t . Qualitative inspection and PSNR follow the same trend. Further, Qualitative inspection confirms that the quality of approximation of solution by image visualization improves with increase in sampling rate. Moreover, lanczos3 is the best interpolation method to resize the images.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228
Author(s):  
Bilge Cerezci

The examination of teaching quality in mathematics in relation to student learning outcomes has become increasingly important following the research reports indicating that early mathematics teaching and learning experiences are critical contributors to students’ learning and later achievement in mathematics and other content areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the quality of early mathematics instruction and students’ mathematics learning outcomes in 73 Pre-K to 3rd grade classrooms in an urban public schools system. The results suggested that the quality mathematics instruction varies across observed classrooms but mostly mediocre. Limited but significant associations between instructional quality and mathematics achievement were also documented at the classroom level. More specifically, there was a positive significant interaction between quality of mathematics teaching and students’ mathematics achievement at the end of the school year in classrooms where ratings of the instructional quality was identified as “high,” after controlling for students’ pre-test scores and gender.


Author(s):  
Andreas Kythreotis ◽  
Panayiotis Antoniou

The chapter aims to explore the various models proposed in the literature related with the impact of school leadership on student academic achievement. In doing so, and drawing mainly from the mediate and indirect models, the chapter also discusses the role of various intermediate/moderate variables that facilitate the impact of principal leadership on student-learning outcomes. Results from a qualitative exploratory study that took place in Cyprus are also presented. This study developed a framework of school principals' actions and strategies that teachers considered as effective in relation to improving their quality of teaching and student outcomes. Some of the problems related with measuring the impact of school leadership on student achievement, such as issues of conceptual and operational definitions of school leadership and methodological issues in research design are also elaborated. Finally, implications for policy and practice on school leadership are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.


Author(s):  
Olga Melnychenko

The article is devoted to the development of adult education, its andragogic principles and the impact on the quality of continuous pedagogical education. It examines mechanisms for improving the quality of lifelong teacher education through the updating of content, the development and implementation of innovative learning technologies in line with new European educational guidelines and concepts, taking into account national educational traditions. The article examines the specificity of andragogic processes, world experience in adult education, and discusses the basic concepts of andragogy. The author analyzes the importance of the development of andragogy as a science, which allows to formulate and realize the main goals of adult education in the context of the human life path. It is noted that adult education today is based on continuing education, self-education and self-development. The importance of preparing future teachers for adult learning is emphasized in the article, the importance of a logically designed program and principles that aim to provide practice-oriented learning and an integral part of the quality of learning. Andragogic theory of adult learning is based on the fact that the purpose of the modern approach to education is to promote the development and enrichment of the whole personality, the manifestation of its identity, 30 Педагогічна освіта: теорія і практика. Психологія. Педагогіка Pedagogical Education: Theory and Practice. Psychology. Pedagogy actualization and abilities. It brings together knowledge about the specificities of adult learning, taking into account their age, educational and living needs, real opportunities, individual characteristics and experience, psyche and physiology. Andragogic science studies the content, forms, methods and means of organizing adult learning in order to facilitate it, meet the educational needs, increase the operational efficiency of the education received while solving life problems, achieve individual goals, self-realization of personality. A number of functions are entrusted with adult education, including: social - use of social experience and involvement in solving contemporary problems of society; adaptive - regulation of relationships in a rapidly changing external environment; information - access to the necessary information, its search, selection, systematization, reproduction, use; compensation - compensation for the disadvantages of previous levels of education and ensuring a balance of self-competence and current requirements for the profession; developmental - mastering new methods of action. An andragogic approach to learning is a set of ideas that take into account the features of a purposeful process of stimulating, educating, training and improving an adult during vocational training and retraining, which integrates the experience of individual, creative, personally oriented approaches. The subject of the modern andragogy is the following basic principles: 1. The priority of self-study. Independent activity of learners is the main type of educational work for adult learners. Independent activity means the independent organization of the process of learning by students. 2. The principle of joint activity that ensures the unity of activities of learners with those who are learning, regarding the planning, implementation, evaluation and correction of the learning process. 3. The principle of relying on the experience of the learner, according to which the experience of the learner is used as one of the learning sources. 4. Individualization of learning. According to this principle, each student, together with other cadets, creates an individualized training program that is focused on specific educational needs and learning goals and takes into account the experience, level of training, psychophysiological and cognitive characteristics the learner. 5. Systematic training. This principle implies compliance with the objectives, content, forms, methods, learning tools and evaluation of its results. 6. The context of training is aimed at defining specific, vital for the learner, goals, oriented to fulfill their social roles or to improve the personality, taking into account the conditions of professional, social and everyday activities. 7. The principle of actualization of learning outcomes. Provides immediate application of the knowledge, skills, and qualities acquired by the adult learner. 8. The principle of electivity of learning. It means giving the learner some freedom to choose goals, content, forms, methods, sources, means, terms, place of study, evaluation of learning outcomes. 9. The principle of development of educational needs. According to this principle, first, the learning outcomes are assessed by revealing the real degree of learning material and determining the amount of knowledge, without which it is impossible to achieve the goal of learning; secondly, the learning process is directed at the formation of new educational needs in the learners, which are specified after the achievement of a specific learning objective. 10. The principle of mindfulness of learning. It means awareness, comprehension of the subject of learning all the parameters of the learning process and their actions to organize its process


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Marmsoler ◽  
Leo Eichhorn

Abstract In software architectures, architectural design decisions (ADDs) strongly influence the quality of the resulting software system. Wrong decisions lead to low-quality systems and are difficult to repair later on in the development process. As of today, little is known about the impact of certain ADDs for the development of architectures for blockchain-based systems. Thus, it is difficult to predict the outcome of certain ADDs when developing architectures for such systems. In the following, we propose a simulation-based approach for blockchain architectures in which the impact of certain ADDs on certain quality attributes can be simulated. To this end, we first implemented a simulation environment for blockchain architectures. The simulation environment was then used to execute a series of experiments from which we derived a set of hypotheses about the impact of certain ADDs on quality attributes for blockchain architectures. Finally, we tested the hypotheses using statistical analyses and derived an empirical model for blockchain architectures based on the outcome of the analysis. The model can be used by architects to predict the effect of certain decisions in the design of blockchain architectures before implementing them.


2014 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov

Different problems of robot learning and planning have received considerable attention, recently. In particular, we can mention robot task learning. Robot learning from demonstration is especially important for robots that operate in unstructured environments. The effectiveness of such learning depends strongly on the quality of vision-based analysis of human hand and body gestures. In this paper, we consider a method of recognition of human hand and body gestures that based on a modified longest common subsequence algorithm with adaptive parameters.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Štefica Mrvelj ◽  
Marko Matulin

Modern users are accustomed to always-accessible networks ready to serve all of their communication, entertainment, information, and other needs, at the touch of their devices. Spoiled with choices provided on the competitive markets, the risk of customer churn makes network and service providers sensitive to user Quality of Experience (QoE). Services that enable people to work and industries to function in these pandemic times, such as the telemeeting service, are becoming ever more critical, not just for the end-users but also for the providers. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of end-users network environments and the uniqueness of the service (bidirectional video and audio transmissions and interactivity between the meeting peers) imposes specific QoE requirements. Hence, this paper focuses on understanding how different service quality degradations affect user perception and frustration with such impaired service. The impact of eight quality degradations was analyzed. Based on the conducted user study, we used the multiple regression analysis and developed three models capable of predicting user Level of Frustration (LoF) for the specific degradations that we have analyzed. The models work with the User Frustration Susceptibility Index (UFSI), which categorizes users into groups based on their tendency to become frustrated with the impaired service.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Erika Yulia Putri

This researcher aims to describe the following: the form of pai teacher performance in junior high school, the picture of the results of Qur'an learning students in junior high school and the impact of Islamic Education Teacher performance on the learning results of students in junior high school. The type of research used in this study is a type of field research that uses qualitative descriptive methods, which describes a research result that matches the data found in the field, research data obtained through interviews, observations and documentation, data processed and analyzed and inferred. This research managed to find: 1) The form of pai teacher performance in junior high school is its important role in helping students face or solve their difficulties in Qur'an learning, 2) the picture of qur'an learning results of students in Junior High School still encounters many difficulties in understanding makhraj, mad and tajwid. 3) The impact of PAI Teacher's performance on the learning outcomes of students in junior high school is the increasing results of Qur'an learning students or by improving the quality of reading of students and it turns out that the better the performance of PAI teachers will have a better impact on the learning results of Qur'an Learners.


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