Radon activity concentrations in underground workplaces in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazmend Nafezi ◽  
Gerti Xhixha ◽  
Margarita Kuqali ◽  
Flurim Qengaj ◽  
Meleq Bahtijari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations

scholarly journals A comparison of the dose from natural radionuclides and artificial radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Yasutaka Omori ◽  
Tetsuo Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuki Iwaoka
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Average Effective Dose

Abstract Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the evacuees from Namie Town still cannot reside in the town, and some continue to live in temporary housing units. In this study, the radon activity concentrations were measured at temporary housing facilities, apartments and detached houses in Fukushima Prefecture in order to estimate the annual internal exposure dose of residents. A passive radon–thoron monitor (using a CR-39) and a pulse-type ionization chamber were used to evaluate the radon activity concentration. The average radon activity concentrations at temporary housing units, including a medical clinic, apartments and detached houses, were 5, 7 and 9 Bq m −3 , respectively. Assuming the residents lived in these facilities for one year, the average annual effective doses due to indoor radon in each housing type were evaluated as 0.18, 0.22 and 0.29 mSv, respectively. The average effective doses to all residents in Fukushima Prefecture due to natural and artificial sources were estimated using the results of the indoor radon measurements and published data. The average effective dose due to natural sources for the evacuees from Namie Town was estimated to be 1.9 mSv. In comparison, for the first year after the FDNPP accident, the average effective dose for the evacuees due to artificial sources from the accident was 5.0 mSv. Although residents' internal and external exposures due to natural radionuclides cannot be avoided, it might be possible to lower external exposure due to the artificial radionuclides by changing some behaviors of residents.

scholarly journals Analysis of radon and radium content in springs of the city of Ekaterinburg and its outskirts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Gamma Line ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Supply Systems

Despite development of central water supply systems, springs still remain to be important sources of drinking water. In this work, the study of water quality in springs of Yekaterinburg city and its settlements was performed with the attention to radiological factor. Activity concentrations of radium-226 were determined in water of 20 springs. Methods. Determination of the radon-222 activities of was performed using gamma-spectrometry vis the equilibrium bismuth-214 gamma line. To determine radium-226, 5-liter water samples were taken, the radium was preconcentrated on a T-5 sorbent; then radium was separated on a thinlayer MnO2-PE sorbent followed by measurement on an alpha spectrometer. Results. In the vast majority of cases, activity concentrations of radium-226 were lower than the detection limit (0.3 Bq/L); the maximal activity concentration of 1.03 ± 0.27 was found that corresponded to the internal dose of 0.21 ± 0.05 μSv/y due to daily consumption of this water. No correlations were found between content of radium-226 and concentrations of radon-222, uranium-238 and alkaline earth ions. At the period of 09.2020 – 06.2021, monitoring of radon activity was performed in seven springs with previously found high radon content. Significant seasonal variations of radon activity were found; for some springs the difference between the minimal and the maximal activity reached 3. In the most cases, increase of radon activity occurred in water during winter that can be explained by both an increase of radon solubility in cold water and a decrease of flowrate.

Indoor radon activity concentrations and effective dose rates at houses in the Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Ali Yalım ◽  
Ayla Gümüş ◽  
Duygu Açil ◽  
Rıdvan Ünal ◽  
Ahmet Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations

scholarly journals Radon concentrations in multi-story buildings in Montenegro

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Perko Vukotic ◽  
Ranko Zekic ◽  
Nevenka Antovic ◽  
Tomislav Andjelic
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Change of radon concentrations in dwellings with floor level was studied in six multi-story buildings, in four towns of Montenegro with different climate conditions. The annual aver- age radon activity concentrations in 35 dwellings are found to be very low, mostly at a level of 20-30 Bqm?3. Absorbed gamma dose rates in these dwellings are in the range of 14-58 nGyh?1. The low radon concentrations are a consequence of a good tightness of the structures in contact with the ground and a small contribution of building materials to radon indoors. A clear general trend of changes in radon concentrations with floor level is not observed. In most of the dwellings on different floors in the multi-story building radon concentration varies very little, mostly within measurement error. A small decrease in radon concentration is noted between the two or three floors closest to the ground, but only in some of the buildings. Therefore, a decrease of indoor radon concentration with floor level cannot be considered as a general characteristic of multi-story buildings. Although the seasonal radon variations have not been in the focus of this study, it was found that the average radon activity concentrations in dwellings of the multi-story buildings are higher in warmer than in cooler half-year period, what is contrary to the general rule for homes in the world and in Montenegro as well.

scholarly journals Radon measurements in well and spring water of the Tuzla area, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Feriz Adrović ◽  
Muhamed Hodžić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Investigations of natural radioactivity in water, air, and soil are conducted frequently and routinely. Exposure to high concentrations of natural radioactive radon gas can cause irradiation of respiratory organs, which can lead to lung cancer. This paper presents measurements of radon activity concentrations in dug wells and natural springs of the Tuzla area (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which ranged from 214 to 3702 mBq L-1. Our results have shown that the radon activity concentration did not exceed the EU reference level for radon in drinking water (100 Bq L-1).

scholarly journals Equipment for Testing Measuring Devices at a Low-Level Radon Activity Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Eliska Fialova ◽  
Petr P. S. Otahal ◽  
Josef Vosahlik ◽  
Monika Mazanova
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Testing Measuring ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Flow Through

The National Institute for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Protection, under the European project 16ENV10 MetroRADON (the European metrology program for innovation and research, EMPIR), has developed unique equipment for the testing of measuring devices at low-level radon activity concentrations. The equipment consists particularly of an airtight low-level radon chamber (LLRCH) with an inner volume of 324 liters; a Rn-222 type RF 5 flow-through source with a Ra-226 activity of 4.955 kBq developed by Czech Metrological Institute within the above-mentioned project; and a pressure vessel as a radon-free air source. The mass flow controller of the Bronkhorst EL-Flow type is a part of the apparatus and ensures the requested airflow through the radon source—partialized if necessary—through the chamber. The homogeneity of the atmosphere in the chamber is ensured by means of a continuously regulated fan (airflows in the range of 0.1–3.5 m·s−1 can be established). Another important chamber component is the measuring device of climatic conditions, since temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity must be determined. The construction of the equipment allows the time-stable radon activity concentration to be maintained at a precise level for several days. Radon concentration values can be arbitrarily and continuously set in the range from 100 Bq·m−3 to 300 Bq·m−3.

scholarly journals Radon Adsorption in Charcoal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4454
Author(s):  
Andreas Maier ◽  
Jesse Jones ◽  
Sonja Sternkopf ◽  
Erik Friedrich ◽  
Claudia Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Cancer Induction ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Radon Decay ◽  
Cost Efficient

Radon is pervasive in our environment and the second leading cause of lung cancer induction after smoking. Therefore, the measurement of radon activity concentrations in homes is important. The use of charcoal is an easy and cost-efficient method for this purpose, as radon can bind to charcoal via Van der Waals interaction. Admittedly, there are potential influencing factors during exposure that can distort the results and need to be investigated. Consequently, charcoal was exposed in a radon chamber at different parameters. Afterward, the activity of the radon decay products 214Pb and 214Bi was measured and extrapolated to the initial radon activity in the sample. After an exposure of 1 h, around 94% of the maximum value was attained and used as a limit for the subsequent exposure time. Charcoal was exposed at differing humidity ranging from 5 to 94%, but no influence on radon adsorption could be detected. If the samples were not sealed after exposure, radon desorbed with an effective half-life of around 31 h. There is also a strong dependence of radon uptake on the chemical structure of the recipient material, which is interesting for biological materials or diffusion barriers as this determines accumulation and transport.

scholarly journals Measurement of Radon Concentration Using SSNTD in Bartella Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Hussain Kheder
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Can Technique

The alpha-radioactive inert gas Radon exhalation is associated with presence of Radium and its ultimate precursor uranium in the earth crust. Uranium decay deposits radon in soil, which is harmful on human and environment. The exposure of population to high concentration of alpha radioactivity mainly of Radon for a long period leads to lung cancer. The radon activity concentrations, radium contents, radon exhalation rates in twenty one soil samples collected from Bartella region, were measured using the sealed-can technique based on the CR-39 SSNTDs. In the present paper the estimated values for radon activity concentration in air space are in the range 323.2-2424 Bq/m3 with mean value of 1212.7 Bq/m3, the radon concentration in soil sample are 31.66-237.46 KBq/m3 with mean value of 118.83 KBq/m3, the radium contents were found vary between 1.36-10.24 Bq/Kg with mean value 5.11 Bq/Kg, the radon mass exhalation rate vary between 10.34-77.56 mBq/Kg/hr with mean 38.81 mBq/Kg/hr, the radon surface exhalation rate are between 234.2-1756.4 mBq/m2/hr with mean value of 878.6 mBq/m2/hr. All values of the samples under the test are below of permissible values 370 Bq/Kg of radium content and 57600 mBq/m2/hr radon exhalation, recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Hence the area under investigation is safe as for as health hazards of radium and safe in radiological risks due to radon exposure from the soil.

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