scholarly journals A comparison of the dose from natural radionuclides and artificial radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Yasutaka Omori ◽  
Tetsuo Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuki Iwaoka
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Average Effective Dose

Abstract Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the evacuees from Namie Town still cannot reside in the town, and some continue to live in temporary housing units. In this study, the radon activity concentrations were measured at temporary housing facilities, apartments and detached houses in Fukushima Prefecture in order to estimate the annual internal exposure dose of residents. A passive radon–thoron monitor (using a CR-39) and a pulse-type ionization chamber were used to evaluate the radon activity concentration. The average radon activity concentrations at temporary housing units, including a medical clinic, apartments and detached houses, were 5, 7 and 9 Bq m −3 , respectively. Assuming the residents lived in these facilities for one year, the average annual effective doses due to indoor radon in each housing type were evaluated as 0.18, 0.22 and 0.29 mSv, respectively. The average effective doses to all residents in Fukushima Prefecture due to natural and artificial sources were estimated using the results of the indoor radon measurements and published data. The average effective dose due to natural sources for the evacuees from Namie Town was estimated to be 1.9 mSv. In comparison, for the first year after the FDNPP accident, the average effective dose for the evacuees due to artificial sources from the accident was 5.0 mSv. Although residents' internal and external exposures due to natural radionuclides cannot be avoided, it might be possible to lower external exposure due to the artificial radionuclides by changing some behaviors of residents.

Indoor radon activity concentrations and effective dose rates at houses in the Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Ali Yalım ◽  
Ayla Gümüş ◽  
Duygu Açil ◽  
Rıdvan Ünal ◽  
Ahmet Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations

EFFECTIVE DOSES DUE TO OUTDOOR AND INDOOR RADON AT A MEDITERRANEAN SITE

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Dafina Kikaj ◽  
Janja Vaupotič
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract A year-long continuous measurement of the radon activity concentration in the outdoor air at a Mediterranean site has shown a range of 2–144 Bq m−3 and annual mean of 18 ± 14 Bq m−3. Seasonal means were: 15 ± 10 Bq m−3 in winter, 15 ± 12 Bq m−3 in spring, 22 ± 19 Bq m−3 in summer and 17 ± 12 Bq m−3 in autumn. In summer, the average radon activity concentration in the daytime (6–22 h) was 15.2 Bq m−3 and in the night-time (22–6 h) 33.4 Bq m−3. The annual effective dose was 1.83 mSv, with 1.66 mSv from indoor and 0.17 mSv (9%) from outdoor radon. The related doses for the summertime were (mSv): 0.29, 0.24 and 0.05 (18%).

ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY SOURCES IN A CASE–CONTROL STUDY IN BIHOR COUNTY, ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dicu ◽  
B D Burghele ◽  
A Cucoș ◽  
R Mishra ◽  
B K Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The purpose of the article is to evaluate the annual effective dose for 80 women divided into two samples; one sample located in the former uranium Băiţa-Ştei area, hereinafter referred to as case sample, respectively for a control sample, located in the same county, but exposed in most cases to indoor radon activity concentrations <300 Bq m−3. In this regard, the homemade ‘RaThoGamma’ kit was used, which contained two thermoluminescent dosimeters, a CR-39 track detector (RSKS) for indoor radon activity concentration, two CR-39 track detectors (Radtrak2®/ Radtrak2T®) for radon and thoron activity concentrations as well as Direct Radon Progeny Sensors/Direct Thoron Progeny Sensors for measuring time-averaged radon and thoron progenies concentrations. In addition, a total of 80 water samples were collected in order to evaluate the ingestion dose due to radon and radium activity concentrations in drinking water. The maximum total annual effective dose in the control sample was 14.1 mSv, while in the case sample the maximum annual effective dose was 60.5 mSv. This difference is mainly due to radon progenies inhalation. Other pathways did not show a statistically significant difference between the two samples, showing a minor contribution to the annual effective dose.

MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Ababneh ◽  
Qutad M Samarah
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract It is inevitable that we are exposed to radiation daily from various sources and products that we consume on daily basis. The use of toothpaste for oral hygiene is one of the most common daily practices by humans and yet very little data are available regarding its radiation content. In this work, we investigated the concentrations of gamma emitting radionuclides in toothpaste samples consumed in Jordan. 40K and 226Ra were detected in almost one-third of the samples, whereas 228Ra was detected in nearly half of them. The corresponding activity concentrations in the detected samples were in the ranges of 68.7–154.2, 4.6–14.1 and 1.3–10.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Dose assessment of accidental ingestion of toothpaste for children and adults was made, and its contribution to the annual effective dose was found to be very minimal with maximum doses of ~2.9 and 1.3 μSv for children and adults, respectively.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

scholarly journals Indoor radon activity concentration and effective dose rates at schools and thermal spas of Ilgin

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Mehmet Erdogan ◽  
Murat Abaka ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Hasan Bircan ◽  
Coskun Kus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Basement Floor ◽  
Effective Doses

Indoor radon activity concentrations and radon doses on the ground floor and basement floor of 19 schools (kindergardens, primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools) and thermal spas of Ilgin district in Konya, have been measured using the AlphaGUARD PQ 2000PRO radon detector, for three days in the first half of 2016. According to the results, while the indoor radon concentration for only one location, in total, is above the Turkish action level of 400 Bqm?3, the values for 10 locations are above the reference level of 100 Bqm?3, recommended by WHO. The calculated annual effective doses for inhalation of the radon in indoor air were also found to be 0.26 ?Sv for the minimum and 4.36 ?Sv for the maximum. The parametric distribution analysis is also performed with 3-parameter Weibull distribution and some remarks are provided on radon concentration activity.

The Alpha Particle Doses Received by Students and Staff in Twenty Schools in the North of Hebron Region - Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Cr 39 Detectors ◽  
Average Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to measure indoor radon concentration levels and its resulting doses received by the students and staff in schools of the directorate of education in the north of Hebron region- Palestine, during the summer months from June to September (2018), using CR-39 detectors. In this study, a total of 567 CR-39-based radon detectors were installed in the selected schools. The average radon concentrations were found to be 90.0, 66.5 and 58.0 Bqm-3 in Halhul, Beit Umar and Alarrub camp schools, respectively. Based on the measured indoor radon data, the overall average effective dose for the studied area was found to be 0.31 mSvy-1. Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are lower than ICRP recommended limits for workplaces. The results show no significant radiological risk for the pupils and staff in the schools under investigation. Consequently, the health hazards related to radiation are expected to be negligible. Keywords: Radon concentration, Alpha particles, Annual effective dose, Schools. PACs: 29.40.−n.

NATURAL RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE PUBLIC IN MINING AND ORE BEARING REGIONS OF CAMEROON

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïdou ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Ndjana Nkoulou II Joseph Emmanuel ◽  
Naofumi Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Thoron Progeny

Abstract Within the framework of a joint research project on natural radiation exposure and its health effects in Cameroon from 2014 to 2017, the Institute of Geological and Mining Research and the Hirosaki University worked together to carry out natural radiation survey in mining and ore bearing regions of Cameroon. Air kerma rates were measured using car-borne survey method. In-situ gamma spectrometry was used to determine activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil. A total of 450 RADUET detectors and 350 thoron progeny monitors were deployed in dwellings of the study areas for 2–3 months, collected and analysed. Although natural radioactivity level seems to be normal in most of the surveyed areas, there are many points where activity concentrations of natural radionuclides are largely above the world average values. Indoor radon, thoron and thoron progeny results show the importance to put in place the national radon plan in Cameroon. It was also pointed out that thoron cannot be neglected when assessing inhalation dose.

scholarly journals Determination of radon levels in dwellings and social objects and evaluation annual effective dose from inhalation of radon in Stepnogorsk area Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
D.S. Ibrayeva ◽  
M.N. Aumalikova ◽  
K.B. Ilbekova ◽  
M.M. Bakhtin ◽  
P.K. Kazymbet
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Radon is a noble gas that is one of the natural radioactive decay products of radium resulting from the disintegration of uranium. Humans are exposed to sources of natural radiation activity, being radon and its progeny breathing air responsible for more than 50% of the annual dose received from natural radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the radon concentration in the air in settlements’ dwellings and social objects and calculate the annual effective dose of population from radon on the territory mining activities in Stepnogorsk area. The study has shown that activity concentrations of indoor radon in the buildings ranged from 8 to 870 Bq · m−3 in Aqsu, 3-540 Bq · m−3 in Kvartsitka located close to former gold mining sites. The Einh corresponding to the activity concentrations ranged from 1-27 mSv · y−1 received by the settlements’ public. The highest value of Einh in Aqsu School reaches up to 68 mSv · y−1 received by the critical group of public was found at the territory of former mining the Stepnogorsk area. The results of this study show significant radiation hazards in Aqsu School which located at the territory of former mining site, and there is evidence of radon health risk to the members of the public.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Sinanović ◽  
Feriz Adrović ◽  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Amela Kasić
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Man is continuously exposed to ionizing radiation because of the presence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the environment. Various technological processes of processing and using of materials that contain natural radionuclides generate materials of enhanced natural radioactivity (TENORM). The largest contribution to irradiance with natural sources of ionizing radiation is the exposure of the population to indoor radon. This gas originates from the radioactive decay of 226Ra and 224Ra that are present in the soil under houses and building materials. Depending on the type of building materials, indoor exposure to radon at dwellings and workplaces can be over a thousand times greater than in outdoor space. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, no valid and comprehensive radiological studies on the building materials have been performed that would guarantee for their dosimetric safety use for installation in residential and industrial buildings, highways, as well as their application for other purposes. The quantification of the radon levels that comes from building materials is a necessary and very important part of the global protection of the population from ionizing radiation. This paper presents the first results of a study on the radon activity concentrations in building materials used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Measurements were performedwith a professional Alpha GUARD system. The mean values of the activity concentration of the exhaled radon of investigated building materials varied from 10 Bqm-3 to 101 Bqm-3, radon exhalation rate values ranged from 77.0 mBqm-2h-1 to 777.7 mBqm-2h-1. Gamma dose rate was in the range 57–112 nSv h−1.

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