Study on the casting cores to identify the manufacturing place of Chinese bronze vessels excavated in the Qiaojiayuan tombs from Spring and Autumn period

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Ma ◽  
Wugan Luo ◽  
Ying Qin ◽  
Dian Chen ◽  
Fengchun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autumn Period ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period

Spring and Autumn Period

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Constance A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Tribal Group ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Religions ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
The Right

In the history of chinese religions the Ch'un-ch'iu or Spring and Autumn period (eighth to fifth centuries B.C.E.) was a time of transition between the court rituals of the Western Chou gift-giving society and the private or local cult practices evident in the later Eastern Chou market economy (Cook 1993a). This was the time when the local lords usurped the Chou king's ritual “power” (te) to “charge” (ming) and the Chou lineage lost its authority. The transition is most evident in the speeches (yueh) of the kings and local rulers inscribed on the eating or striking surfaces of the late Western Chou and early Ch'un-ch'iu-period ritual bronze vessels and bells. These speeches or “spoken” liturgies of legitimation initially focused on the spiritually sanctioned right of the ruler to “charge” a gift recipient, but later simply focused on the right of the vessel-maker to charge himself. This shift is most evident after 771 B.C.E. when a western tribal group forced the Chou to flee their ancestral lands and altars. Local lords, originally on the periphery of Chou authority, called themselves kings and manipulated the Chou ideology to legitimate their own independent identities (see Cook on Chu in Cook and Major forthcoming). They relied on the guidance of ritualists (possibly descendants of the Western Chou shih and yin)whose knowledge of Chou liturgy and rites was a valued commodity at local courts (Cook 1993b).

Zeng state cemetery at Zaoshulin during the Spring and Autumn period, Suizhou, Hubei

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
South China ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Central Chamber ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period

Abstract The Zaoshulin cemetery includes five large tombs with an entry ramp leading to a central chamber on one side, 19 medium tombs, and 62 small tombs. According to the inscriptions on the bronze vessels, the layout of the tombs, and the grave assemblages, this cemetery was the burial place for the high-ranking noblemen of the Zeng state. Three hierarchies of tombs from large to small in size correspond to the social ranks of marquises, high-ranking noblemen, and low-ranking noblemen. Amongst these tombs, the occupants of five large burials in three groups are identified as Lord Qiu of Zeng and his wife Yu, Marquis Bao of Zeng and his wife Mi Jia, and Marquis De of Zeng. The Zaoshulin cemetery, along with the sites and cemeteries at Yejiashan, Wenfengta, Guojiamiao, Sujialong, presents a clear and complete archaeological sequence of the culture of Zeng. It also establishes a reference point for Bronze Age archaeological culture in South China.

On the origin and formation of the early Qin Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Zhou Dynasty ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Western Zhou Dynasty

Abstract The early Qin Culture refers to the Qin Culture from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period. Considering its cultural composition, we will realize that it has three main sources, namely the Shang, Zhou, and Western Rong (Western Barbarian) Cultures. The elements derived from the Shang Culture comprised the furniture of waist pits and the custom of dog burial in graves, the use of human sacrifice, the interment of chariots and horses, the Shang-style pottery wares and the tradition of constructing huge-scale mausoleums. These elements reflect that the Qin people initially came from the east and had strong ties with the Shang Dynasty and were deeply influenced by the Shang Culture, and belonged to the Yin people (after the fall of the Shang Dynasty) in the broader sense. The elements absorbed from the Zhou Culture comprised the architectural types of ancestral temples and palaces, the adoption of the ritual vessels, the suspended musical instruments, the Zhou style pottery wares and the writing system. These elements indicate that the Qin people adopted the ritual and musical culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a great political significance at the early stage of Qin’s history. The factors derived from the cultures of the Western Rong ethnic group or the northern steppes included the flexed burial position, the golden body ornaments and chariots and horses, iron wares, animal motifs on utensils, recesses on the walls of the burial pits and the ditches around the graves, the use of bronze cauldrons and swords (daggers). Such elements reflect that during the development process in the Longyou region, the Qin people absorbed the cultures of the adjacent Western Rong ethnic group, the Eurasian steppes and farther beyond. The first kind of elements continued to predominate the Qin Culture down to the middle Western Zhou, then the second and the third ones arose from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring-and-Autumn Period, and simultaneously, the first were only present in the aristocratic burial activities. Based on the remnants of the Shang Culture, the early Qin Culture came into being by widely absorbing elements of the Zhou and Western Rong Cultures.

scholarly journals A Research of Construction Mechanism of Vassal State’s City Group during Spring and Autumn Period Based on the Analyzation of Geographic Image – Take south region of Shandong as example

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
X. Gao ◽  
B. Li ◽  
X. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Independent Unit ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
The One ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Spring and Autumn period, the vassal states began to carry out country defense construction actively, brought changes to building the ideological. At that time, the south region of Shandong, as an independent unit of geography, seldom affected by external factors, and had striking cultural characteristics. Vassal states there constructed their capital mainly to defense the neighboring countries and cope with small scale mergers war, not involving the nationwide military deployment. Therefore, the region reflect the construction thought changes during the Spring and Autumn Period, and consistent with the research purpose. Based on this judgment, the author analyzed each capital’s location and terrain feature by topographic map. In brief, the Spring and Autumn Period, feudal states acted of one's own free will, the relationship between cities contained the one within and between vassal states. Within vassal state relationships included economic support, entrenching each other and protecting the country together. Meanwhile, strategic defensing, scrambling for resources and geographical location comprised of the competition between vassal states. In the agrarian age, the political centers and agricultural areas were interdependent, giving priority to the development of political cities. Transformation of capitals’ space layout was actually the process of carving up farming plains, the powerful states occupy favorable geographical position, and the small countries would be encroached and annexed gradually.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jianjun He
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Marketplace Of Ideas ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Eastern Han

This chapter reviews the rise and fall of Wu and Yue, two rival states located in southeastern China during the late Spring and Autumn period from 771 to 475 BCE. It draws inspiration from several poems, vernacular stories, and dramas that marked influence on Chinese literature. It also contains a mixture of historical accounts and fictional tales focusing on anomalies and supernatural events that are subjects of criticism in the Analects and often celebrate revenge and intrigues. The chapter looks at materials that are unredacted reflections of the thoughts and intellectual interests of the Eastern Han. It explains the dynamic period of the Eastern Han when jinwen, guwen, chenwei, apocryphal doctrines, and other religions and philosophies vied for dominance in the marketplace of ideas.

The Mudu Archaic City Site of the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Suzhou City, Jiangsu

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joint Archaeological Team Of Instit ◽  
Suzhou Municipal Institute Of Archa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Water Gate ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Zhou

AbstractIn 2009 and 2010, a series of archaeological investigations were conducted in and around the Mudu archaic city site located in the southwestern highland of Greater Suzhou, Jiangsu. The excavations revealed sections of the north circumference wall at Wufeng and the water gate of the south circumference wall at Xinfeng. The surveys identified the possible locations of the east and the west circumference walls. Diagnostic proto-porcelain and stamped potsherds were recovered. It is tentatively argued that both the north and the south walls were built and in use during the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. The Mudu Site, therefore, was a large-scale walled settlement functioned as a regional center of its time. These findings are instrumental in the search for the lost capital of Wu State of the Spring-and-Autumn Period, the understanding of the relationship among the various contemporary settlement sites, cairns, earthen mounds, and caches distributed in the region, and the reconstruction of the local cultural history of Eastern Zhou.

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