scholarly journals Key factors influencing food security of smallholder farmers in Tanzania and the role of cassava as a strategic crop

Food Security ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Reincke ◽  
Elisa Vilvert ◽  
Anja Fasse ◽  
Frieder Graef ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Artificial floating islands for water quality improvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueya Chang ◽  
He Cui ◽  
Minsheng Huang ◽  
Yan He
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Improve Water Quality

Artificial floating islands (AFIs) are a variation of wetland treatment systems for water quality improvement. This paper provides a review concerning AFIs in terms of their development, classification, and applications in the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, and chemical oxygen demand on waterways. The role of microorganisms, aquatic plants, and aquatic animals in AFIs for water decontamination and purification was also discussed. Additionally, some key factors influencing the AFIs’ performances were discussed and comparisons between AFIs and constructed wetlands were reviewed. Finally, further perspectives of artificial floating islands were identified to possibly improve their performances. The understanding of the mechanisms in AFIs that drive removal of various contaminants to improve water quality is crucial, and is also highlighted in this paper.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2016 ◽  
pp. 272-303
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

Open Data, Distributed Leadership and Food Security: The Role of Women Smallholder Farmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-293
Author(s):  
Éliane Ubalijoro ◽  
Victor N. Sunday ◽  
Foteini Zampati ◽  
Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka ◽  
Suchith Anand
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Role Of Women

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on consumer behavior and food security in the Republic of Moldova

Akademos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gutium ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Republic

The COVID-19 pandemic has a direct impact on consumers` behavior and their opinion on food security during the quarantine period. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security. In the context of achieving the established goal there was conducted a survey of consumers, online and by phone, on a sample of 250 people, and analyzed cases of malnutrition, change in purchasing behavior, the percentage of income that was spent for food procurement in 2020 during the pandemic. The study showed that one of the key factors influencing consumers’ view of food security is real income.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2018 ◽  
pp. 489-521
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Coffee Farmers’ Decisions to Join Cooperatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Azibo Balgah
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Income Source ◽  
North West ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Cooperative Association ◽  
Coffee Sector ◽  
Coffee Farming

The role of cooperatives in buffering the effects of imperfect markets on smallholder agriculture especially in developing countries has been widely atoned. However, and in spite of eminent advantages, not all smallholder farmers join cooperatives. We use empirical data from coffee farmers in Northwestern Cameroon to identify key factors driving coffee farmers’ decisions to join or not to join a cooperative. Using a standardized questionnaire, data was collected from 140 randomly selected farmers (members and non-members) in contact with North West Cooperative Association Limited (NWCA). Data collection took place in January 2018, with 2017 as the reference period. We use the data to characterize the coffee sector in the region, and to identify key drivers for cooperative membership. 41.4% and 58.6% were NWCA members and nonmembers respectively. The area of land under coffee cultivation, dominant income source, household size, experience in coffee farming, and timely payment of farmers’ dues by the cooperative were the key factors influencing coffee farmers’ decision to join the cooperative or not (P=0.05). Identifying such drivers from farmers’ perspectives and informing policy decisions can increase competitive advantage of smallholder farmers and reduce the effects of market imperfection, as embedded in cooperative concept. This should render the concept once more attractive and portray it as a rational option to many smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Market Participation and Volume Sold: Empirical Evidence From Irrigated Crop Farmers in the Eastern Cape

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
L. Mdoda ◽  
A. Obi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Technical Factors

The market partaking of smallholder farmers in market-oriented production has the perspective to expand profits, upsurge agricultural output and ultimately promote food security. However, the participation of smallholder’s irrigators and homestead gardeners in markets in South Africa remains low despite numerous interventions, especially since the dawn of democracy in 1994. However, up-to-date, there is not enough evidence that these attempts had been met successfully. This paper examines factors influencing smallholders’ choice to partake in markets and volume sold in the Eastern Cape Province. The study employed survey data of 150 irrigated crop farmers. A random sampling procedure was used in the study areas. The study used a Heckman regression to assess factors impelling market participation and volume sold. Results reveal that market participation and volume sold are influenced by socio-economic and technical factors. Based on the results, the needed policy change to encourage group marketing and upgrading of roads to enable smooth accessibility of output markets are highlighted.

scholarly journals The importance of the traditional milpa in food security and nutritional self-sufficiency in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246281
Author(s):  
Ivan P. Novotny ◽  
Pablo Tittonell ◽  
Mariela H. Fuentes-Ponce ◽  
Santiago López-Ridaura ◽  
Walter A. H. Rossing
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Food

Around 30% of global food is produced by smallholder farmers, yet they constitute the most food-insecure group. In Mexico, food self-sufficiency is declining. Rural policies in the country have stimulated the production of cash crops to the detriment of the traditional intercropping system, the milpa. Such a decline may have negative consequences for the food security of subsistence farmers. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional self-sufficiency over the last 30 years and the role of milpa systems in food security for two communities in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study used satellite images, censuses, and field data to estimate food production. Three cropping systems, monoculture of maize, monoculture of common bean, and the milpa were compared in terms of nutrients and vitamins produced. Furthermore, a household typology was developed for each community to contrast nutritional self-sufficiency levels between the different household types. Results showed that the milpa produced more volume of food per area compared to the other systems. The milpa also produced all the nutrients and vitamins (except for B12) required to feed at least 2 persons ha-1. Monocultures of maize lacked vitamins A, B9, B12, and C, and the common bean lacked vitamins A, B12, and C. While farmers recognized the importance of the milpa, they preferred monocultures due to the reduced labor demands of this system. Households that obtained most of their income from off-farm activities had the lowest nutritional self-sufficiency. Enhancing nutritional self-sufficiency through crop diversification has the potential to not only improve the nutrition of subsistence farmers, but also to enhance ecosystem service provision, promote biodiversity conservation and restoration, and improve resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Risks and Threats to Russia’s Food Security: the Current Situa-tion and Tools for Remedying it

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
E. G. Reshetnikova ◽  
N. V. Reshetnikova ◽  
V. D. Iosipenko
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Food Complex

This paper provides a rationale for the need to enhance the system of institutions concerned with ensuring food security in a climate of implementation of a strategy of import substitution. The authors examine a set of key factors that can affect the sustainable development of Russia’s agri-food complex and give rise to threats and risks to the nation’s food security. The paper provides an assessment of the current level of the nation’s physical and economic accessibility of food, traces the role of the small agri-business sector, and analyzes the factor of interregional trading barriers in ensuring food security. The authors demonstrate the advisability of cultivating multiformat food retail and developing various forms of food wholesale. The paper provides a rationale for the need to implement a program of internal food assistance to help overcome social risks to food security and stresses the importance of government support for the participation of small retail and agri-business formats in it.   

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