Tsunami Modelling and Run-ups along Indian Coasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312
Author(s):  
Kirti Srivastava ◽  
Farveen Begum ◽  
Mounica Jakkula
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Modelling

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of historical landslide-generated tsunamis in the French Lesser Antilles

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poisson ◽  
R. Pedreros
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Height Data

Abstract. Two historical landslide-induced tsunamis that reached the coasts of the French Lesser Antilles are studied. First, the Martinique coast was hit by a tsunami down the western flank of Montagne Pelée at the beginning of the big eruption of May 1902. More recently, the northeastern coast of Guadeloupe was affected by a tsunami that had been generated around Montserrat by pyroclastic flows entering the sea, during the July 2003 eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano. We use a modified version of the GEOWAVE model to compute numerical simulations of both events. Two source hypotheses are considered for each tsunami. The comparison of the simulation results with reported tsunami height data helps to discriminate between the tested source decriptions. In the Martinique case, we obtain a better fit to data when considering three successive lahars entering the sea, as a simplified single source leads to an overstimation of the tsunami wave heights at the coast. In the Montserrat case, the best model uses a unique source which volume corresponds to published data concerning the peak volume flow. These findings emphasize the importance of an accurate description of the relevant volume as well as the timing sequence of the source event in landslide-generated tsunami modelling. They also show that considering far-field effects in addition to near-field effects may significantly improve tsunami modelling.

scholarly journals Wave propagation, breaking, and overtopping on a 2D reef: A comparative evaluation of numerical codes for tsunami modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazolea ◽  
A. Filippini ◽  
M. Ricchiuto ◽  
S. Abadie ◽  
M. Martin Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Tsunami Modelling

Modelling the 1929 Grand Banks slump and landslide tsunami

2018 ◽  
Vol 477 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Løvholt ◽  
Irena Schulten ◽  
David Mosher ◽  
Carl Harbitz ◽  
Sebastian Krastel
Keyword(s):  
Large Mass ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Translational Landslide ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sediment Mass ◽  
Landslide Tsunami

AbstractOn 18 November 1929, an Mw 7.2 earthquake occurred south of Newfoundland, displacing >100 km3 of sediment volume that evolved into a turbidity current. The resulting tsunami was recorded across the Atlantic and caused fatalities in Newfoundland. This tsunami is attributed to sediment mass failure because no seafloor displacement due to the earthquake has been observed. No major headscarp, single evacuation area nor large mass transport deposit has been observed and it is still unclear how the tsunami was generated. There have been few previous attempts to model the tsunami and none of these match the observations. Recently acquired seismic reflection data suggest that rotational slumping of a thick sediment mass may have occurred, causing seafloor displacements up to 100 m in height. We used this new information to construct a tsunamigenic slump source and also carried out simulations assuming a translational landslide. The slump source produced sufficiently large waves to explain the high tsunami run-ups observed in Newfoundland and the translational landslide was needed to explain the long waves observed in the far field. However, more analysis is needed to derive a coherent model that more closely combines geological and geophysical observations with landslide and tsunami modelling.

scholarly journals Holocene tsunamigenic sediments and tsunami modelling in the Thermaikos Gulf area (northern Greece)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Reicherter ◽  
Ioannis Papanikolaou ◽  
Jean Roger ◽  
Margret Mathes-Schmidt ◽  
Dimitrios Papanikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Greece ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunamigenic Sediments

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the beginning of closure of the Atlantic

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RIBEIRO ◽  
L. MENDES-VICTOR ◽  
J. CABRAL ◽  
L. MATIAS ◽  
P. TERRINHA
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
2004 Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Gorringe Bank

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami had one of the highest magnitudes in the history of Europe. The source mechanism requires generation at a subduction zone. Intensity distribution and tsunami modelling excludes the Gorringe Bank as a source area and suggests generation by the incipient convergence of the Atlantic with the Southwest Iberia and Morocco margin rather than at the less active Gulf of Cadiz Accretionary Prism. The comparison with the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami supports this interpretation. A tsunami warning alert system is urgent for the Atlantic.

CFD simulations of tsunamis from large scale propagation up to local coastal impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Marcer ◽  
Camille Journeau ◽  
Kévin Pons
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Run Up

<p>This work has been performed within the framework of the TANDEM project (Tsunamis in northern AtlaNtic: Definition of Effects by Modelling) which is dedicated to the appraisal of coastal effects due to tsunami waves on the French coastlines. One of the identified objectives of TANDEM consisted in designing, adapting and validating numerical codes for tsunami hazard assessment, addressing the various stages of a tsunami event: generation, propagation, run-up and coastal inundation.</p><p>PRINCIPIA has been working on the development and qualification of two in-house CFD software’s: a 2D Saint-Venant model (often called NLSW for Non-Linear Shallow Water) using an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) for simulation of large scale tsunami propagation from the source up to coastal scale, and a 3D Navier-Stokes model dedicated to tsunami coastal impact modelling.</p><p>An overview of the results obtained with both codes aiming at being applicable to tsunami modelling, is presented. The validation process has been done on several academic test cases having experimental data for comparisons, as the breaking of a solitary wave on a reef, the generation of a long wave induced by a vertical bloc (massive cliffs, ice bodies) falling down an underlying water volume, the tsunami generation due to a submarine landslide and the tsunami impact on a coastal city.</p><p>A real case simulation is concerned as well, the devastating 2011 Tohoku event which is compared with in-situ data.</p><p>The work was supported by the Tandem project in the frame of French PIA grant ANR-11-RSNR-00023.</p>

Analisis Pemodelan Tinggi dan Waktu Tempuh Gelombang Tsunami di Pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan Menggunakan Data Historis Gempa Bengkulu 12 september 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti ◽  
Rahmad Aperus ◽  
Rachmad Billyanto
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Coast Region

<p class="ISI"><strong>Abstract</strong> Tsunami modeling research has been done on the coast of Bengkulu using software L-2008 and Travel Time Tsunami (TTT). Earthquake historical data that used in this research is the earthquake in Bengkulu on September 12, 2007 which is obtained from BMKG and the USGS. This research is aimed to determine the height (run up) and travel time of the tsunami on the coast of Bengkulu as the tsunami disaster mitigation efforts. Tsunami modelling has been done by validate the run up using tide gauge  data in the area of Padang, Muko-Muko, and Kaur.  In this research used magnitude scenario are 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> and 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Local tsunami effect observed were 10 areas along the coast region Bengkulu. Tsunami modeling of Bengkulu in September 12, 2007 results the run up value which is close to the run up value of the measurements. From the modelling result obtained that the quickest area impacted by the tsunami is Enggano Island   which is 27  minutes 46  seconds from earthquake.  The highest tsunami run up value is located in the Bengkulu city. The run up values by using the scenario of magnitude 8M<sub>w</sub> is  2.07 m, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> is  4.05 m and 9 M<sub>w</sub> is 9.83 m.</p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpFirst"> </p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords:</strong>   tsunami, modelling, software L-2008, software TTT, run up</p><p class="ISICxSpFirst"><strong> </strong></p><p class="ISICxSpLast"><strong>Abstrak</strong> Telah dilakukan penelitian pemodelan tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan menggunakan <em>software</em><em> </em>L-2008 dan <em>Travel Time Tsunami </em>(TTT). Data historis gempa bumi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gempa bumi Bengkulu 12 September 2007 yang diperoleh dari BMKG dan USGS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tinggi (<em>run up</em>) dan waktu tempuh gelombang tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami. Sebagai validasi digunakan data <em>run up </em>stasiun <em>tide gauge yang </em>berlokasi di Padang, Muko-muko dan Kaur. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan tsunami untuk mengestimasi tinggi <em>run up</em><em> </em>dan waktu tempuh penjalaran gelombang tsunami menggunakan skenario magnitudo 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8,5 M<sub>w</sub> dan 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Sebagai titik tinjau digunakan 10  daerah di sepanjang pantai wilayah Bengkulu. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan  bahwa nilai <em>run up</em>  tsunami  yang diperoleh mendekati nilai <em>run up</em> hasil pengukuran. Daerah dengan waktu tercepat dihantam gelombang tsunami adalah Pulau Enggano dengan waktu tempuh 27 menit dan 46 detik. <em>Run up</em> tertinggi terjadi di  Kota Bengkulu. dengan  nilai <em>run up</em> yang diperoleh adalah 2,07 m untuk skenario 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 4,05 untuk skenario 8,5 M<sub>w  </sub>dan9,83 m untuk skenario 9 M<sub>w</sub>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> :tsunami, pemodelan, <em>software </em>L-2008, <em>software </em>TTT, <em>run up</em></p>

Tsunami modelling with adaptively refined finite volume methods

Acta Numerica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 211-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. LeVeque ◽  
David L. George ◽  
Marsha J. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Finite Volume Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Small Perturbations ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Two Space Dimensions

Numerical modelling of transoceanic tsunami propagation, together with the detailed modelling of inundation of small-scale coastal regions, poses a number of algorithmic challenges. The depth-averaged shallow water equations can be used to reduce this to a time-dependent problem in two space dimensions, but even so it is crucial to use adaptive mesh refinement in order to efficiently handle the vast differences in spatial scales. This must be done in a ‘wellbalanced’ manner that accurately captures very small perturbations to the steady state of the ocean at rest. Inundation can be modelled by allowing cells to dynamically change from dry to wet, but this must also be done carefully near refinement boundaries. We discuss these issues in the context of Riemann-solver-based finite volume methods for tsunami modelling. Several examples are presented using the GeoClaw software, and sample codes are available to accompany the paper. The techniques discussed also apply to a variety of other geophysical flows.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI MODELLING PROCEDURES TO REFINE COASTAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES AT KUALA MUDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jestin Nordin ◽  
Andrew Charleson ◽  
Morten Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Waves

This paper discusses the use of tsunami modelling to refine the strategies to be used in coastal architectural and planning design works in effort to minimize future tsunami impacts on the coastal buildings. The ability to recreate the characteristics of the 2004 Sumatran Tsunami waves and their impacts is the reason to use computer simulation as the main tool of this research project. The Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) programme has been chosen to generate a series of tsunami events onto a one-kilometre-square area of Kuala Muda (north-west of Peninsular Malaysia) coastal area. COMCOT is expected to help practitioners and researchers make the best possible designs for this tsunami-threatened near-beach area. It has the capability to simulate the entire lifespan of a tsunami inclusive of the characteristics and the behaviour of the waves once it inundates the design area. It creates an opportunity to better understand and evaluate the performance of proposed designs in order to achieve the most tsunami-resistant design. The 2004 Sumatran Tsunami waves are considered the worst case scenario this area will experience. Therefore, the waves generated act upon proposed settlement patterns and buildings which are iteratively modified to achieve minimum tsunami damage. COMCOT outputs are used to propose coastal architectural design strategies for present and future nearbeach area developments, especially in the north-western coast of Malaysia. The final Tsunami Responsive Architecture (TRA) design is intended to be culturally acceptable, and to be extended with or without modification to suit other coastal areas at risk of tsunami.

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