Biochemical resistance characterization to chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, spinosad, and emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Pakistan

Using nanotechnology to develop new formulations of pesticides is considered a possible option in enhancing the efficiency, safety, and photostability of pesticides under various climatic conditions. In the present study, two novel nanoformulations (NFs) were successfully prepared based on nano-delivery systems for emamectin benzoate (EMB) by loading it on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs) as carriers through a freeze-drying method. The synthesized nanoformulations were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that SNPs and CNCs had a loading efficiency of 43.31% and 15.04% (w/w) for EMB, respectively, and could effectively protect EMB from photolysis under UV radiation. The LC50 values for EMB + SNPs, EMB + CNCs, and EMB commercial formulation against Phenacoccus solenopsis were 0.01, 0.05, and 0.31 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that both NFs were more effective than the EMB commercial formulation. This work seeks to develop new nano-carriers for potential applications of pesticides in plant protection, which will reduce the recommended dose of pesticides and thereby decrease the amount of pesticide residue in food and the environment.

Download Full-text

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a new menace to cotton in Egypt and its chemical control

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2016-0017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

El-Zahi Saber El-Zahi ◽

Safwat Abd El-Salam Aref ◽

Samy Kamal Mohammad Korish

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

First Record ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Toxic Materials ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Cotton Mealybug ◽

Chemical Groups ◽

First Time

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous sap sucking insect with a wide geographical and host range causing severe losses in economically important crops. This study represents the first record of P. solenopsis as a new insect attacking cotton plants (Gossypium barbadense var. Giza 86) in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The insect was noticed on cotton plants for the first time during its growing season of 2014. The mealybug specimens were collected from infested cotton plants and identified as P. solenopsis. In an attempt to control this pest, eight toxic materials viz., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flonicamid, emamectin-benzoate, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, deltamethrin and mineral oil (KZ-oil), belonging to different chemical groups, were tested for their influence against P. solenopsis on cotton under field conditions. Methomyl, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorpyrifos showed the highest efficacy against P. solenopsis recording 92.3 to 80.4% reduction of the insect population. Flonicamid, emamectin-benzoate and KZ-oil failed to exhibit sufficient P. solenopsis control.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of biochemical resistance mechanism of novel insecticides in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 105320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar ◽

Shoaib Freed ◽

Sikandar Hussain ◽

Muhammad Waqas Sumra ◽

Muhammad Sheraz Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Biochemical Resistance

Download Full-text

Characterization of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate: Cross-Resistance Patterns and Fitness Cost Analysis

Neotropical Entomology ◽

10.1007/s13744-016-0370-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 310-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M B S Afzal ◽

S A Shad

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Fitness Cost ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Resistance Patterns

Download Full-text

Resistance inheritance and mechanism to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal ◽

Sarfraz Ali Shad

Keyword(s):

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽

Resistance Inheritance

Download Full-text

Effect of chemical seed protectants on quality parameters of red gram seed against. pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L under ambient storage

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 281-286

Author(s):

Manish Kumar Yadav ◽

R.B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Quality Parameters ◽

Ambient Condition ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Ambient Storage ◽

Pulse Beetle ◽

Vigour Index

Among the insecticides tested as seed protectants against Callosobruchus chinensis under ambient condition for a period of nine months revealed that all seed protectants were significantly effective. Maximum germination was observed (86.67%) when seed treated with novaluron 10 EC @0.05ml/kg followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG@40mg/kg (85.67 per cent). The vigour index was maximum in emamectin benzoate (1913.87) followed by novaluron.

Download Full-text

Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

K Béland ◽

G Séguin ◽

S Lair

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Striped Bass ◽

High Mortality ◽

Morone Saxatilis ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Once Daily ◽

Fish Hatchery ◽

Parasitic Burden

An unusually high mortality rate due to verminous (Philometra rubra) coelomitis was documented in wild-hatched striped bass Morone saxatilis raised in a fish hatchery as part of a stock restoration program. To decrease the parasitic burden and therefore potentially minimize mortality, the effectiveness of 2 different anthelmintics was evaluated. Two trials were conducted on wild-collected fingerlings naturally infected by P. rubra. In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control. Emamectin successfully eliminated live nematodes in 84.9% of the fish, whereas the administration of levamisole, either via immersion or feed, was not successful in significantly reducing the number of live P. rubra. In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.

Download Full-text