The Starzach site in Southern Germany: a site with naturally occurring CO2 emissions recovering from century-long gas mining as a natural analog for a leaking CCS reservoir

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lübben ◽  
Carsten Leven
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Natural Analog ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals Misunderstanding as a resource in interaction

Pragmatics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Robles
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Multimodal Discourse Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
A Site ◽  
A Current

The phenomenon of misunderstanding is a recurrent feature of everyday life – sometimes a source of frustration, sometimes a site of blame. But misunderstandings can also be seen as getting interactants out of (as well as into) trouble. For example, misunderstandings may be produced to deal with disaffiliative implications of ‘not being on the same page,’ and as such they may be deployed as a resource for avoiding trouble. This paper examines misunderstanding as a pragmatic accomplishment, focusing on the uses to which it is put in interactions as a practice for dealing with threats to intersubjectivity: the extent to which persons are aligned in terms of a current referent, activity, assessment, etc. A multimodal discourse analysis of audio and video recordings of naturally-occurring talk inspects moments in which misunderstandings are purported or displayed (rather than overtly invoked) as well as how such misunderstandings are oriented to as simply-repairable references, versus inferential matters more misaligned and potentially fraught. Rather than being a straightforward reflection of an experience of trouble with understanding, misunderstanding may also be collaboratively produced to manage practical challenges to intersubjectivity.

Bat attacks and moth defensive behaviour around street lights

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita Acharya ◽  
M Brock Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
A Site ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Detecting

The defensive behaviour of moths around street lights was examined at a site where bats feed heavily on moths. The lights had a negative effect on moth defensive behaviour, but a combination of observational techniques (recording the outcome of naturally occurring bat-moth interactions) and experimental techniques (deafening moths by puncturing the tympanal organs) indicated that ultrasound-detecting ears still afforded the moths some protection from bat predation. On average, bats captured 69% of the moths they attacked. Moths that exhibited evasive behaviour were caught significantly less often than those that did not (52 vs. 2%). Moths whose tympanic organs had been punctured were significantly easier to catch (requiring fewer attempts) than moths with intact ears, reflecting the fact that significantly more of the eared than the deafened moths showed evasive behaviour (48 vs. 0%). Overall, the number of captures of deafened moths was higher, though not significantly, than the number of captures of eared moths.

Organizational Culture in Tracked Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-347
Author(s):  
Andrew Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Academic Workload ◽  
A Site

Tracked changes, usually thought of as preliminaries to the work documents do in organizations, are themselves an important digital residue of work, a site at which workplace culture and politics can be articulated and identified. In this chapter, I address tracked marginalia on a consequential workplace document, a draft academic workload model, as naturally occurring qualitative data. Institutional ethnography and ethnomethodology are brought to bear, respectively: to conceptualize and describe the workplace and the central role documents play in its administration; and to build up a close analysis of the strategies and positions taken by collaborators on the document, as evidenced in tracked comments. I argue that combining these analytical perspectives permits critical insights, into the local organization of work through documents and documentary processes, and the affordances of tracked changes as a communicative backchannel.

scholarly journals A Site Selection Model for a Straw-Based Power Generation Plant with CO2 Emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 7466-7481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Lv ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Dequn Zhou ◽  
Peng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Power Generation Plant ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals Structural Basis of APH(3′)-IIIa-Mediated Resistance to N1-Substituted Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 3049-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree H. Fong ◽  
Albert M. Berghuis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Type Iiia ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
A Site ◽  
Binding Loop

ABSTRACT Butirosin is unique among the naturally occurring aminoglycosides, having a substituted amino group at position 1 (N1) of the 2-deoxystreptamine ring with an (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate (AHB) group. While bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides can be ascribed chiefly to drug inactivation by plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, the presence of an AHB group protects the aminoglycoside from binding to many resistance enzymes, and hence, the antibiotic retains its bactericidal properties. Consequently, several semisynthetic N1-substituted aminoglycosides, such as amikacin, isepamicin, and netilmicin, were developed. Unfortunately, butirosin, amikacin, and isepamicin are not resistant to inactivation by 3′-aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase type IIIa [APH(3′)-IIIa]. We report here the crystal structure of APH(3′)-IIIa in complex with an ATP analog, AMPPNP [adenosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate], and butirosin A to 2.4-Å resolution. The structure shows that butirosin A binds to the enzyme in a manner analogous to other 4,5-disubstituted aminoglycosides, and the flexible antibiotic-binding loop is key to the accommodation of structurally diverse substrates. Based on the crystal structure, we have also constructed a model of APH(3′)-IIIa in complex with amikacin, a commonly used semisynthetic N1-substituted 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside. Together, these results suggest a strategy to further derivatize the AHB group in order to generate new aminoglycoside derivatives that can elude inactivation by resistance enzymes while maintaining their ability to bind to the ribosomal A site.

The Salton Sea Geothermal Field as a Natural Analog for the Near-Field in a Salt High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred A. Elders ◽  
Judith B. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Salton Sea ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Natural Analog ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF), on the delta of the Colorado River in southern California, is being studied as a natural analog for the near-field environment of proposed nuclear waste repositories in salt. A combination of mineralogical and geochemical methods is being employed to develop a three dimensional picture of temperature, salinity, lithology, mineralogy, and chemistry of reactions between the reservoir rocks and the hot brines. Our aim is to obtain quantitative data on mineral stabilities and on mobilities of the naturally occurring radionuclides of concern in Commercial High-Level Waste (CHLW). These data will be used to validate the EQ3/6 geochemical code under development to model the salt near-field repository behavior.Maximum temperatures encountered in wells in the SSGF equal or exceed peak temperatures expected in a salt repository. Brines produced from these wells have major element chemistry similar to brines from candidate salt sites. Relative to the rocks, these brines are enriched in Na, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ra and Po, depleted in Ba, Si, Mg, Ti, and Al, and strongly depleted in U and Th. However the unaltered rocks contain only about 2–3 ppm of U and 4–12 ppm of Th, largely in detrital epidotes and zircons. Samples of hydrothermally altered rocks from a wide range of temperature and salinity show rather similar uniform low concentrations of these elements, even when authigenic illite, chlorite, epidote and feldspar are present. These observations suggest that U and Th are relatively immobile in these hot brines. However Ra, Po, Cs and Sr are relatively mobile. Work is continuing to document naturally occurring radionuclide partitioning between SSGF minerals and brine over a range of temperature, salinity, and lithology.

Crichtonite Structure Type (Am21O38 and A2M19O36) as a Host Phase in Crystalline Waste Form Ceramics

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gong ◽  
R. C. Ewing ◽  
L. M. Wang ◽  
H. S. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Fission Products ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
A Site ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Cation Sites

AbstractPrevious studies of ceramic crystalline waste forms, e.g. Synroc, tailored ceramics, and supercalcine, have concentrated on phases which are major constituents in the formulations: zirconolite, pyrochlore, hollandite, perovskite and zircon. These phases usually occur as members of multi-phase assemblages which are required for the incorporation of the wide variety of radionuclide elements present in the waste and the non-radioactive components added during reprocessing and pretreatment. The crichtonite structure (AM21O38 and A2M19O36), based on crystallo-chemical considerations and natural compositional analogues, may effectively incorporate both fission products and actinides. The naturally occurring crichtonite structure types include Sr (crichtonite), Ca and REE (loveringite), Na (landauite), REE and U (davidite), K (mathiasite), Ba (lindsleyite), and Pb (senaite), which are classified based on the dominant, large cations occupying the A-site. The crystal structure contains three types of sites of distinct size, from very large, M0, intermediate (M1, M3, M4, and M5), to small (M2). Numerous coupled substitutions within these cation sites allow for charge balance. Synthesis experiments were completed on the Ba-, Sr-, Ca-, and K-member compositions at 3 GPa and 1,150 °C. Low pressure synthesis should be possible, as natural minerals mostly occur in low-P systems. Reaction products were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. In addition to the crichtonite phases, rutile, spinel, perovskite and armalcolite were identified as well. The Crichtonite structure type is estimated to accommodate waste loading of up to 30 wt. % PW-4B waste.

scholarly journals Yeast Cap Binding Complex Impedes Recruitment of Cleavage Factor IA to Weak Termination Sites

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 6520-6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Wong ◽  
Hongfang Qiu ◽  
Cuihua Hu ◽  
Jinsheng Dong ◽  
Alan G. Hinnebusch
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Transcriptional Activators ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Pol Ii ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cap Binding Complex ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nascent Transcripts

ABSTRACT Nuclear cap binding complex (CBC) is recruited cotranscriptionally and stimulates spliceosome assembly on nascent mRNAs; however, its possible functions in regulating transcription elongation or termination were not well understood. We show that, while CBC appears to be dispensable for normal rates and processivity of elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), it plays a direct role in preventing polyadenylation at weak termination sites. Similarly to Npl3p, with which it interacts, CBC suppresses the weak terminator of the gal10-Δ56 mutant allele by impeding recruitment of termination factors Pcf11p and Rna15p (subunits of cleavage factor IA [CF IA]) and does so without influencing Npl3p occupancy at the termination site. Importantly, deletion of CBC subunits or NPL3 also increases termination at a naturally occurring weak poly(A) site in the RNA14 coding sequences. We also show that CBC is most likely recruited directly to the cap of nascent transcripts rather than interacting first with transcriptional activators or the phosphorylated C-terminal domain of Pol II. Thus, our findings illuminate the mechanism of CBC recruitment and extend its function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae beyond mRNA splicing and degradation of aberrant nuclear mRNAs to include regulation of CF IA recruitment at poly(A) selection sites.

scholarly journals Molecular basis for branched steviol glucoside biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 13131-13136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Goo Lee ◽  
Eitan Salomon ◽  
Oliver Yu ◽  
Joseph M. Jez
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
A Site

Steviol glucosides, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A, are natural products roughly 200-fold sweeter than sugar and are used as natural, noncaloric sweeteners. Biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, and other related stevia glucosides, involves formation of the steviol diterpenoid followed by a series of glycosylations catalyzed by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glucosyltransferases. UGT76G1 fromStevia rebaudianacatalyzes the formation of the branched-chain glucoside that defines the stevia molecule and is critical for its high-intensity sweetness. Here, we report the 3D structure of the UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1, including a complex of the protein with UDP and rebaudioside A bound in the active site. The X-ray crystal structure and biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants identifies a catalytic histidine and how the acceptor site of UGT76G1 achieves regioselectivity for branched-glucoside synthesis. The active site accommodates a two-glucosyl side chain and provides a site for addition of a third sugar molecule to the C3′ position of the first C13 sugar group of stevioside. This structure provides insight on the glycosylation of other naturally occurring sweeteners, such as the mogrosides from monk fruit, and a possible template for engineering of steviol biosynthesis.

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