Positive feedback with mycorrhizal fungi alleviates negative effects of intercropping the energy crop Jatropha curcas with Crotalaria retusa

Symbiosis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Amadou Dieng ◽  
Robin Duponnois ◽  
Ibrahima Ndoye ◽  
Ezékiel Baudoin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts ofJatropha curcasBiodiesel in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gmünder ◽  
Reena Singh ◽  
Stephan Pfister ◽  
Alok Adheloya ◽  
Rainer Zah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Assessment Procedure

In the context of energy security, rural development and climate change, India actively promotes the cultivation ofJatropha curcas, a biodiesel feedstock which has been identified as suitable for achieving the Indian target of 20% biofuel blending by 2017. In this paper, we present results concerning the range of environmental impacts of differentJatropha curcascultivation systems. Moreover, nine agronomic trials in Andhra Pradesh are analysed, in which the yield was measured as a function of different inputs such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further, the environmental impact of the wholeJatropha curcasbiodiesel value chain is benchmarked with fossil diesel, following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment procedure. Overall, this study shows that the use ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel generally reduces the global warming potential and the nonrenewable energy demand as compared to fossil diesel. On the other hand, the environmental impacts on acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, and water depletion all showed increases. Key for reducing the environmental impact ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel is the resource efficiency during crop cultivation (especially mineral fertilizer application) and the optimal site selection of theJatropha curcasplantations.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Fitri Yelli ◽  
Darwin Leonardo Tambunan ◽  
Inggar Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Morphological Studies

Abstract. Rini MV, Yelli F, Tambunan DL, Damayanti I. 2021. Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4940-4947. Molecular analysis has been widely used to provide more accurate identification within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species than identification based on morphology. However, morphological analysis is essential for a basic preliminary of classification studies. Therefore, a study is needed to complete the identification of AMF isolates through morphological and molecular analyses. This research used three AMF isolates, namely MV 5, MV 17, and MV 18, which were isolated from Indonesian agricultural land. Spore-based taxonomy (shape, size, color, ornamentation, PVLG, and Melzer’s reaction) and fungal colonization on roots of maize trap plants were employed for the morphological studies. AMF species identification was performed using molecular analysis through nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of SSU rRNA followed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Morphological analysis showed that MV 5 had spores borne from the neck of the sporiferous saccule, MV 17 was found to have a bulbous suspensor without a germination shield, and MV 18 had spores borne from subtending hyphae. The SSUR rRNA analysis revealed that MV 5, MV 15, and MV 18 were identified as Acaulospora longula, Gigaspora margarita, and Glomus etunicatum, respectively. Both morphological and molecular methods demonstrated reliable and consistent results that complement AMF taxonomy studies.

Beneficial interactions in communities: mutualism and facilitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Gary G. Mittelbach ◽  
Brian J. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biological Markets ◽  
The Face ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
Competition For Resources

The consequences of beneficial interactions for the diversity and functioning of communities remain poorly understood, but this is changing. This chapter examines how mutualism may evolve in the face of cheating, using the concept of biological markets where members of each species exchange resources and services, with associated costs and benefits. Understanding the evolution and maintenance of positive interactions in communities requires that we consider the broader web of interactions and abiotic conditions in which mutualisms are embedded—their context dependency. Ant-plant mutualisms, plant-Rhizobium mutualisms, and plant-mycorrhizal fungi mutualisms are discussed as examples of shifting costs and benefits based on context dependency. Recent advances at incorporating positive interactions into community theory allow species to have both positive and negative effects on each other’s population growth rate. For example, the presence of a neighboring plant may enhance survival in a harsh environment, but may reduce plant growth due to competition for resources.

Jatropha curcas: A Prospective Energy Crop

2014 ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Ahad ◽  
Zafar A. Reshi ◽  
Humeera Rasool ◽  
Waseem Shahri ◽  
A. R. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Energy Crop

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Jatropha curcas rhizosphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1060-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coutinho Moreira Bruno ◽  
Lucia Rodrigues Ana ◽  
Feliciano Oliveira Sabrina ◽  
Sergio Balbino Miguel Paulo ◽  
Mara Soares Bazzolli Denise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Effects of earthworm communities on water infiltration in wet soils with energy crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wöhl ◽  
Stefan Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Infiltration Rates

<p>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) is the most commonly cultivated energy crop throughout Europe. However, its cultivation has severe negative effects such as loss of biodiversity and its delivery of ecosystem services, soil compaction and enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. These negative effects tend to be even more pronounced in wet soils such as pseudogleys. As an alternative to annual maize, the perennial cup plant (<em>Silphium perfoliatum</em>) is known to produce a similar yield, especially under waterlogging conditions, while management impacts of its cultivation are assumed to be less harmful to soil biota. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify the provision of ecosystem services (here: control of the soil water balance) delivered by earthworm communities in wet soils under cultivation of cup plant compared with maize and to assess the ecological impact of both energy crops.</p><p>Fieldwork was conducted cup plant and maize fields (n = 4) in South Western Germany in spring and autumn 2019. The overall soil type was pseudo gleyic luvisol. All fields are managed for commercial purposes by farmers in the area. Sampling included earthworm extraction with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) while the infiltration rate was measured simultaneously. Afterwards, hand sorting completed the earthworm sampling. Earthworm species, their abundance and biomass (live weight) were determined.</p><p>On average, earthworm abundance and biomass were higher in cup plant fields than in maize fields. In addition, variations in earthworm communities were found. While endogeic earthworms, especially of the genus <em>Aporrectodea</em>, were present in all fields, anecic earthworms were more abundant in cup plant fields. Higher infiltration rates were measured in maize fields. Hints to a correlation between the infiltration rates and the functional earthworm groups were found.</p><p>Our results suggest that cup plant fields host overall more diverse earthworm communities. These communities are able to produce a wider range of ecosystem services, even though the link between the infiltration and the crops studied in this stud is not yet validated.</p>

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