Transient population dynamics drive the spread of invasive wild pigs in North America

Invasion of nonindigenous species is considered one of the most urgent problems affecting native ecosystems and agricultural systems. Mechanistic models that account for short-term population dynamics can improve prediction because they incorporate differing demographic processes that link the environmental conditions of a spatial location explicitly with the invasion process. Yet short-term population dynamics are rarely accounted for in spatial models of invasive species spread. Accounting for transient population dynamics, we predict the population growth rate and establishment probability of wild pigs following introduction into any location in North America. We compared predicted population growth rate with observed geographic rates of spread and found significant relationships between the annual rate of spread and population growth rates. We used geospatial data on the distribution of mast producing tree species (a principle forage resource of wild pigs) and agricultural crops that can replace mast in their diets to predict population dynamics using transient population simulations. We simulated populations under different initial population sizes (i.e. number of introduced individuals, often termed propagule size) and for different amounts of time following introduction. By varying the initial population size and simulation time, we were able to identify areas in North America with high probability for establishment of wild pigs if introduced. Our findings can be used to inform surveillance and removal efforts to reduce the potential for establishment and spread of wild pigs.

Population and Development vs Quality of Life: A Sociological Appraisal

The two variables of population and development affect each other in an indirect manner in which when population increase happens, development is reduced. The two effectively impact quality of life. It is strongly recommended to control population in order to achieve development. Sociologists are widely responsible to create the balance of population and development. As resources are limited in each country, an organized and planned population is needed towards any development. The phenomenon development being multi-lateral, needs an appropriate population size. It is worth mentioning that population naturally grows, but resources for development do not. Overall, Asia, Africa, and Latin America had very high population growth rate of 2.1% between 1955 and 1975. Fortunately, increase of literacy and education has caused population growth rates to decline in the past two decades in many parts of the developing countries. The only part of the developing world with high population growth rate is Africa in which the population will increase to over 4.2 billion by the year 2100; threatening other parts of the world. Such a situation will widely endanger quality of life.

Remote Sensing in Predicting Development Patterns of Built-up Land

Indonesia is a developing country whose construction and development are centered on the island of Java, especially in West Java Province. Sukabumi City is one of the areas in West Java. The development of urban areas is expanding due to various human needs to carry out the construction of buildings. Remote sensing that can be used to store developments with multi-temporal analysis with materials is Landsat imagery from 2001 to 2020. The method used is the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The purpose of this study is to map the development of the built-up land from year to year and predict the following years. The results of the research on the significant changes in built-up land occurred between 2013-2020, while from 2001 to 2013 there was not much change. Based on the research results, the total growth of built-up land was 1.539% per year with a population growth rate of 1.4% per year. The results of the analysis show that the area of ​​land built in Sukabumi City in 2028 is 186,7194 km2 or has increased by 21,2808 km2 since 2020.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN KAPASITAS TAMPUNGAN EMBUNG DANAU ASAM KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT

This study aims to analyze the requirement for the storage capacity of Danau Asam Reservoir as one of the solutions in increasing the availability of water to meet the needs of raw water due to population growth and climate change which is quite extreme. The study was conducted in the Danau Asam Reservoir with source of water from two watersheds that flow into the reservoir, namely the Lopo River Basin with a catchment area of 11.81 Km2 and Kamat Bay with a catchment area of 12.42 Km2 in Kotawaringin Lama District in the West Kotawaringin Regency. The method used is a quantitative approach based on a simulation of the water balance between the inflow and outflow. The inflow parameter is calculated based on 90% probability reliable discharge using the FJ Mock method in two watersheds and the outflow parameter is based on the raw water demand discharge which is calculated based on the population growth rate. The result of the research indicate that the capacity of the Danau Asam Reservoir is 391,842.72 m3 to meet the raw water needs in Kotawaringin Lama District with a population of 35397 people.Keywords: Drought, Raw Water, Storage, Kotawaringin Barat

THE IMPACT OF POPULATION FACTORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS - INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of population factors on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The analysis method used is panel data regression. The type of data is quantitative data in the form of ADHK GRDP data by Regency/City, population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy from 2010-2019. The data source is secondary obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results showed that the population growth rate had a negative and significant effect on economic growth while the labor force participation rate had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth, the average length of schooling had a positive and significant effect on economic growth and life expectancy had a positive and significant effect on growth. the economy of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Simultaneously the population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands.Keywords: Economic Growth, Population Growth Rate, Labor Force Participation Rate, Average Length of Schooling, and Life Expectancy.JEL : O40, J11, J21, P36

Ecotoxic Effects of the Vehicle Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Aquatic Model Organisms

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a vehicle solvent in ecotoxicity bioassays. However, despite its frequent use, itcould be toxic for organisms at some concentrations. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectsof DMSO on the population growth rate of the microalgaeRaphidocelis subcapitata, the mobility of the microcrustacean Daphnia magna,and the reproduction of the rotiferBrachionus calyciflorus. DMSO was applied to the organisms in concentrations ranging from 0.031–4%. For R. subcapitata significant effects in growth inhibitionafter 72 h of exposure was 0.125% DMSO,being the lowest observed effectconcentration (LOEC). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) was2.138 ± 0.372%. In D. magna,significant differences in the mobility after 24 h or 48 h of exposure was 1% DMSO being 1.712± 0.207% and 1.167± 0.220%DMSO the EC50 observed for 24 h and 48 h exposure, respectively. For B. calyciflorus,it was not possible to validate the tests performed, as there were insufficient animals alive in the control conditions at the end of the exposure period. Therefore, we recommended avoiding DMSO as a vehicle in assays using B. calyciflorus,and to use final DMSO concentrationsin experimental solution not exceeding 0.125% forR. subcapitata and 0.5% for D. magna.

Carrying Capacity of Land in Bali based on Ecological Footprint

In 2000-2010, based on data from the Population Census in Bali, the average population growth rate was 2.15% per year, this value was greater than the average population growth rate at the national level of 1.49% per year. The increasing number of population growth results in increased development. This causes an increase in the need for land to accommodate these development activities. The reduced availability of productive land because it is used for development facilities has resulted in reduced land carrying capacity in Bali. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of the carrying capacity of land in Bali using the Ecological Footprint analysis approach. The research methodology is quantitative focusing on secondary data analysis, based on the mathematical calculation method developed by the Global Footprint Network, which has the term biocapacity which means supply and ecological footprint which means demand. After comparing biocapacity and ecological footprint, the results show that the carrying capacity of land in Bali is generally in deficit. Things that can be done to increase the carrying capacity of land are to reduce the rate of population growth, increase land productivity by intensifying agricultural land, and be wiser in carrying out land conversion in the future.

ANALYSIS VISIBILITY PARK AND RIDE TANGERANG DISTRICT (case study Cisauk Station)

<p>Tangerang Regency is an area located in Tatar Pasundan, Banten Province, Indonesia. This area is located 30 km west of Jakarta and 90 km southeast of Serang. With an annual population growth rate of ± 2.15 percent, the total population of Tangerang Regency in 2020 is ± 2,838,621 according to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of South Tangerang Regency. South Tangerang Regency which has an area of 959.6 kilometers. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility level of the Park and Ride development plan in Tangerang Regency. Traffic counting surveys and interviews were carried out on main road sections which were then processed using Microsoft Excel to determine the parking accumulation until the fluctuation of motorbikes and cars was known. Furthermore, the interview data is processed to determine the amount of public interest in the development of Park and Ride which is reviewed based on gender, age, trip duration, trip intent, parking duration, monthly fuel expenditures, desired parking rates and those who agree to use Park and Ride when the survey was conducted. at 06.00-21.00 WIB on the road in the Cisauk Station area. From the results of processing this data using Microsoft Excel, it was found that the characteristics of Park and Ride facilities users and also the number of users of Park and Ride facilities for motorbikes were 2349, while for cars of 272 with a plan age until 2021, this proves there is a need for increased interest in motorbikes. Park and Ride development at Cisauk Station, Tangerang Regency.</p>

Structured Population Models

The chapter “Structured Population Models” illustrates how one adds more detail to a model, first through density-independent models, then by showing common matrix-model formulations and how those are used to reveal properties of structured models (e.g. population growth rate, stage/age structure). Structured population models have more detail than their nonstructured counterparts. They account for the differences among individuals within a population, usually by explicitly modeling them as distinct state variables. Elasticity analysis is introduced as a way to identify life stages that have a disproportionately large influence on population growth rate. Structured density-dependent models are briefly introduced as extensions on these models.