scholarly journals The influence of palm oil additives on the pour point and wax deposition tendencies of Chenor crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thevaruban Ragunathan ◽  
Colin D. Wood ◽  
Hazlina Husin
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Synthetic Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Wax Deposition

AbstractOne of the major concerns during the production of crude oil especially in tropical waters is the deposition of wax on to the walls of the pipeline. This is due to the low seabed temperatures which can be below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) which leads to wax depositing out through molecular diffusion. Currently, there are many methods to prevent and remedy wax deposition but most of these solutions pose a serious environmental threat and are expensive to produce. Hence, this research investigated the use of an organic and cheaper alternative by utilizing synthetic fatty acid esters such as oleic acid which has shown promising results in reducing the pour point of waxy crude oils. The solution that was used was of palm oil origin, crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) and was subsequently compared with the pour point depressant and wax inhibition efficiency of the current industry used inhibitors utilizing the SETA Pour Point and Cloud Point as well as the cold finger apparatus. It was observed that the palm oil inhibitors were highly effective at 1 wt.% due to the high composition of oleic acid present portraying a similar result to Triethanolamine (TEA) while Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) performed best at low concentration of 0.1 wt.% but deteriorates significantly as the concentration increases due to the polar end agglomerating among itself.

scholarly journals The rheological behavior of crude oil in the presence of palm oil additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2833-2843
Author(s):  
Thevaruban Ragunathan ◽  
Jazeel Zaqwan ◽  
Colin D. Wood ◽  
Hazlina Husin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Additives

AbstractWax precipitation has become a serious problem for the petroleum industry. The problem occurs when there is equilibrium disturbance on the pressure and temperature as well as crude oil composition. Wax deposits will eventually result in restriction of the fluid flow inside the pipeline, and severe deposition will cause blockage. The chemical additives currently being implemented in the industry have various limitations including the high cost and the irreversible impact it has on the environment. Therefore, the use of cheaper organic wax inhibitor obtained from crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on the rheology and deposition of wax was investigated by using Chenor waxy crude oil from the Penyu basin, Pahang, Malaysia. To compare the efficiency of palm oil additives in inhibiting wax deposition, currently utilized chemical additives such as triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were also examined. The pour point of the crude oil was determined using SETA cloud & cryostat, while the rheological behavior of the crude was determined using a rotational Fann viscometer. The results obtained from this study reveal that CPO and CPKO could be used to improve the flow of crude oil, especially when 1 wt.% CPO or when 0.5 wt. % CPKO is used. It was also noted that the palm-based additives were much more effective at reducing the viscosity of the Chenor crude oil than the commercial wax inhibitor tested (TEA and EVA).

scholarly journals Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Crude Gossypol Compositions as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bekaidar T. Marenov ◽  
Kazim S. Nadirov ◽  
Manap K. Zhantasov ◽  
Rashid K. Nadirov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Wax deposition from crude oil that blocks the pipeline and increases the viscosity of the fluid is considered as a serious challenge for petroleum transportation. Employment of chemical additives, the so-called pour point depressants (PPDs), is widely used to solve this problem. Among them are the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers (EVAc), containing a polyethylene segment along the backbone with vinyl acetate. To improve the performance of EVAc as PPD, the compositions of this polymer with crude gossypol (CG), isolated from the refined cottonseed oil soapstock, were prepared by joint milling in a ball mill. Prepared compositions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The pour point and viscosity of the crude oil from the Akshabulak oil field (Kazakhstan) were studied. The compositions with 10, 20, and 25 wt% of CG demonstrate better efficiency as PPD for crude oil than EVAc at the dosage of PPD of 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm. The improved properties of the obtained PPD in comparison with the commercial EVAc is explained by the appearance of additional nonpolar and polar groups caused by the formation of the EVAc/CG composition.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF VARIOUS POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS USED FOR FLOW ASSURANCE IN OIL INDUSTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Himanta Khaklari ◽  
Prasenjit Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
End Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Crude oil needs to be transported from oil wells to refinery and storage facilities in one form or another to ultimately become end use products. After the successful extraction of oil from the ground it is mostly transported through pipelines where the crude oil experiences various changes in its physical and chemical properties. These rheological changes may cause numerous flow assurance problems such as wax and paraffin deposition which ultimately restricts the flow of oil. Chemical additives such as Pour Point depressants (PPDs) are used in this case for the efficient transportation of crude oil by lowering the Wax Deposition Temperature (WAT). Hence, in order to enhance the knowledge about PPDs, the mechanism of various types of Pour Point Depressant for aiding the flow of crude oil while transportation were discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Klasifikasi dan Identifikasi Material terhadap Pengendapan Wax pada Sumur Minyak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-049
Author(s):  
Aries Prasetyo ◽  
Sudono Sudono
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Wax Deposits

The problem in Indonesia, especially for piping problems are generally caused by blockages that interfere with the flow process, these blockages are formed due to the presence of scales or minerals deposited to the pipe wall. Scale formation is due to the alteration of the physical properties of the oil including pour point, viscosity or others. Many technological breakthroughs developed to overcome this problem are with the addition of hot water, the injection of chemical fluids dispersant into crude oil, which serves to lower the pour point of the crude oil that will be in production or use surfactant as inhibitors so that the inner pipe wall will be water wet which can prevent the occurrence of wax deposition on the pipe surface. In subsequent developments the researchers will review by replacing or adding pipe materials with certain materials that are able to inhibit the processing of wax deposits in the pipe walls. By classifying and identifying materials that are able to inhibit the formation of wax on the pipe, it is expected to estimate the design of the pipe string so as not to form wax deposits, such as predicting wax formed at the distance So that the material application can be optimal. Verification of data on tubing will result in supporting data for the determination of the crude oil flow rate with an Excel plot used to determine the rate of wax deposition in tubing. With some selected material is expected researchers are able to determine the best material to handle the problem of wax deposits.

scholarly journals Wax inhibitor performance comparison for waxy crude oil from Fang oilfield

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Kreangkrai Maneeintr ◽  
Tanapol Ruengnam ◽  
Thodsaporn Taweeaphiradeemanee ◽  
Treetasase Tuntitanakij
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Cold Finger ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Oil ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Higher Temperature

In petroleum chemistry, waxy oil from paraffins can cause operating problems for oil production. The chemical method is used to remove by using chemicals or additives to prevent the wax problem. In this study, the performance of wax inhibitor are evaluated by the measurement of pour-point reduction and wax deposition of crude oil from Mae Soon area, Fang oilfield. Wax deposition is determined by cold finger technique. Wax inhibitors, hexane, Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) and monoethanolamine (MEA) are mixed in oil sample at various concentrations. From the experiment, it is presented that hexane is used to reduce pour-point temperature up to 19.55 % and to reduce wax deposit up to 92.56 %. Moreover, MEA and PMAO have less effect on pour-point reduction. However, they have high efficiency to prevent wax deposition. PMAO provide the better wax deposition performance than MEA. The amount of wax deposit is lower at the same conditions. The percentage of wax deposit is from 39.19 % to 83.02 % for MEA and from 58.54 % to 88.51 % for PMAO. Furthermore, from the results, the preferred concentration of hexane can be at 10 % and PMAO can be 7500 ppm at low temperature or 5000 ppm for higher temperature. The results of this research can be applied to the practical way for wax deposition prevention operation in Mae Soon area in Fang oilfield to reduce the wax problem in the future.

Wax Deposition Experiment with Highly Paraffinic Crude Oil in Laminar Single-Phase Flow Unpredictable by Molecular Diffusion Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 3406-3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Van Der Geest ◽  
Vanessa C. Bizotto Guersoni ◽  
Daniel Merino-Garcia ◽  
Antonio Carlos Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Paraffinic Crude

Review on the gelation of wax and pour point depressant in crude oil multiphase system

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2130005
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Yanpu Wang ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Multiphase System ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

The gelation of waxy crude oil multiphase system can result in the formation of network cementitious structure, which seriously impacts the safe and economic production of crude oil. This paper reviews current experimental, theoretical and numerical results on the gelation of wax in crude oil. For the experimental side, the most important problems are in situ measurement and measurement accuracy. On the theoretical side, the present methods own defects of low accuracy and limited application scope. Numerically, the models are of oversimplification, which are hardly applied to the real production. Besides, as a promising solution, the research progress of crude oil pour point depressant is also reviewed. The molecular design is a powerful approach to develop the optimized pour point depressant. The goals of this paper are to bridge the microscale atomic interactions and the macroscale physicochemical properties of waxy crude oil and pour point depressant, so as to lay a solid theoretical basis for preventing and controlling wax deposition in crude oil. These are beneficial to the future efficient, clean and safe energy production system.

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