scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate copolymer as a pour point depressant of waxy crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Elarbe ◽  
Ibrahim Elganidi ◽  
Norida Ridzuan ◽  
Kamal Yusoh ◽  
Norhayati Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Point Depressant

AbstractPour point depressant (PPD) has the competitive advantage of lowering the temperature of the wax appearance (WAT) and crude oil viscosity. In this paper, a novel PPD of poly stearyl acrylate-co-behenyl acrylate (SA-co-BA) in various mass ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) was effectively synthesized by solution radical polymerization method, and characterized by fourier transform infrared FTIR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance NMR, x-ray diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The SA-co-BA PPD was evaluated on Malaysian crude oil via the pour point, the rheological and cold finger analysis to prevent the wax deposition at low temperature and improve flowability. The findings showed that the mass ratio (1:1) at 1000 ppm has a positive effect on the pour point depression from 11 to 2 °C. It was investigated from the rheological measurement that the viscosity of crude oil increases as the temperature decreases. Whereas, the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases and as shear rate increases, shear stress increases. The flowability performance of the crude by the mass ratio of 1:1 at 1000 of the SA-co-BA concentrations have improved by 89.76%. The highest paraffin inhibition efficiency PIE of wax deposited was obtained at 1:1 of the mass ratio by 44.14%, indicating the smallest amount of wax is formed. This finding is interestingly attributed to the acrylate groups that have a long alkyl chain. Thus, SA-co-BA copolymer was demonstrated to be an appreciable pour point depressant that can prevent the wax deposition at low temperature and increasing the flowability of Malaysian crude oil.

Application of Synthesized Novel Biodegradable Pour-Point Depressant from Natural Source on Flow Assurance of Indian Waxy Crude Oil and Comparative Studies with Commercial Pour-Point Depressant

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Biswadeep Pal ◽  
Tarun Kumar Naiya
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

Summary Pour-point depressants (PPDs) were synthesized from natural sources and used in waxy crude oil transportation to reduce the pour point and improve flow. A biodegradable PPD (BPPD) was synthesized and tested to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems in the present work. The transesterification process was used to synthesize coconut oil ethyl ester (COEE, termed as BPPD). Fourier transform electron spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), and microscopic analysis were performed for better understanding of mechanisms for both BPPD and a commercially available PPD named PPD-A. The pour point of crude oil was reduced by 12 and 9°C after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD and PPD-A, respectively. The microscopic analysis confirms that the crystals of wax converted to very fine and dispersed particles during mixing of additives, which in turn increase flowability. BPPD performs better to reduce interfacial tension than PPD-A. The maximum reduction of 19% in interfacial tension was observed after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD. BPPD alters the wettability of the pipeline surface from intermediate wet to water-wet within 60 seconds, which results in reduced slip velocity and consequently lessens the deposition of wax. As a result, crude oils will not stick to the wall of the pipe surface and will experience less resistance to flow through pipelines. FTIR analysis indicated that long-chain alkane and aromatic groups are responsible for a higher pour point, and their concentration level was reduced after the addition of BPPD. The viscosity of crude oil was reduced by almost 94% after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD with crude oil, which in turn minimizes pumping costs for crude oil. As a result, the total project cost was reduced substantially. Biodegradability tests confirm that the BPPD is biodegradable and nontoxic. Due to its biodegradability and nontoxic nature, BPPD has a promising capacity to be used in the petroleum industry for easier pipeline transportation of waxy crude.

Development of pour point depressants for crude oil and study of their properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
K.I. Matiev ◽  
◽  
A.M. Samedov ◽  
F.M. Akhmedov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Depressant Additive ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Pour Point Depressants

A pour point depressant additive has been developed to reduce the pour point of paraffinic oils. The depressant contains a (non-ionic) surfactant, a depressant component and a solvent. The depressor properties of the developed compositions have been studied. It has been established that while adding the compositions to the oil mixture, at a concentration of 0.02% wt. the pour point decreases from +31 oC to -3 - +7 оС, and at a concentration of 0.04% wt. up to -5- + 4 оС. Under the effect of the developed compositions the oil viscosity at + 35 оС decreases from 46.3 mPa·s to 22.1-27.7 mPa·s, and at + 40 °C - from 38.2 mPa·s to 16.6-21.6 mPa·s. Viscosity reduction performance at the indicated temperatures are 40.2-51.6% and 43.5-56.5%, respectively. Compositions 8, 14 and 17 exhibit higher depressor properties.

Pour Point Depressant(PPD) and Flow Improver Additives (FIA) of Crude Oil and its Study Method Progress

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1844-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Wen Fa Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Flow Improver

The situation of low temperature crude oil pipeline carrying is universal. The rapid developing of pipe line supposes higher asking on new carrying technology. The problem of long distance carrying at normal temperature of high waxy crude oil is impel to resolve and its potential social economic profit is obvious. As the pipeline is designed at high production period of field so there must have low carrying situation at beginning and ending time. At the situation the high waxy crude oil and high pour point crude oil will face on great resistance and blockage problem. Further more the pipeline has to make great energy expense on high temperature carrying. So take new carrying technology to realize atmosphere temperature carrying is crucial of resolving low temperature carrying. The method of adding chemical pour point depressant(PPD)/flow improver additives (FIA) into crude oil directly was widely used at present. The progress of the additives and its study methods was summarized in the paper and supply some reference for the technology of PPD/FIA.

Review on the gelation of wax and pour point depressant in crude oil multiphase system

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2130005
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Yanpu Wang ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Multiphase System ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

The gelation of waxy crude oil multiphase system can result in the formation of network cementitious structure, which seriously impacts the safe and economic production of crude oil. This paper reviews current experimental, theoretical and numerical results on the gelation of wax in crude oil. For the experimental side, the most important problems are in situ measurement and measurement accuracy. On the theoretical side, the present methods own defects of low accuracy and limited application scope. Numerically, the models are of oversimplification, which are hardly applied to the real production. Besides, as a promising solution, the research progress of crude oil pour point depressant is also reviewed. The molecular design is a powerful approach to develop the optimized pour point depressant. The goals of this paper are to bridge the microscale atomic interactions and the macroscale physicochemical properties of waxy crude oil and pour point depressant, so as to lay a solid theoretical basis for preventing and controlling wax deposition in crude oil. These are beneficial to the future efficient, clean and safe energy production system.

scholarly journals The Chemical Performance Evaluation for Pour Point Depressant (PPD) Testing, X Oil Field, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Thai Ba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Pour Point Depressant (PPD) Testing are used extensively to modify the crystallinity of hard waxes and to reduce the natural pour point of crude. The best PPD chemical and best dosage for crude oil treatment will be chosen based on the laboratory test results to: Reduce pour point of crude oil; Reduce viscosity of crude oil; Improve rheological properties of crude oil; Reduce wax deposition rate and pipeline restart pressure. The chemical performance evaluation for PPD, proposed to use at X Oil Field has been conducted in Crude oil and Petroleum products Lab. The following properties have been determined in laboratory for blank sample (which is a mixture of H1, H4 and H5 crude oil samples with ratio of 2.1:1.4:1.0) and sample treated by PPD (rundown crude oil sample): Pour Point (for blank sample and treated sample); Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) and Wax Disappearance Temperature (WDT) (for blank sample); Dynamic Viscosity (for blank and treated samples); Yield Stress by Rheometer (for blank and treated samples) for 100 mins, 1000 mins and 02 days shut-in times; Wax Deposition Rate by Cold Finger for blank and treated samples; Restart Pressure by Restart Loop (for blank and treated samples) for 100 mins, 1000 mins and 02 days shut-in times.

scholarly journals Comparison of pour point depressant (PPD) ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and nano-montmorillonite

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Z D Nurfajrin ◽  
B Satiyawira ◽  
R A Putra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Wax Crystals

Abstract One of the problems with oil production is stuck of oil transportation flow in the pipeline caused by wax deposits. The high wax content in crude oil causes the oil viscosity value to increase so that crude oil has High Pour Point Oil (HPPO) properties. In this research, using crude oil sample with initial pour point of 31oC and viscosity of 556 cP. This samples are classified as heavy oil. Therefore, this sample is suitable for use as an experiment in this research. There are several methods to deal with HPPO. One chemical method used to overcome this problem is adding Pour Point Depressant (PPD) to crude oil. This PPD functions to decrease pour point value by binding wax crystals in crude oil. In this study, two types of PPD were compared, Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Nano-Montmorillonite (Nano-MMT). Both can reduce the pour point value on crude oil, but PPD EVA shows a more excellent reduction than nano-MMT. The results show that EVA is better at binding crystals than nano-MMT. After the injection of 400 ppm EVA, the pour point value of crude oil could be decreased up to 24oC, and the viscosity also decreased by 185 cP.

Influence of poly (methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) pour point depressant with various pendants on low-temperature flowability of diesel fuel

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 898-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Xu ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Zhicheng Zhao ◽  
Xiang Lian ◽  
Hualin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Point Depressant
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