scholarly journals Are we moving toward an energy-efficient low-carbon economy? An input–output LMDI decomposition of CO$$_{2}$$ emissions for Spain and the EU28

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Serrano-Puente
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
End Use

AbstractSpain is on a path toward the decarbonization of the economy. This is mainly due to structural changes in the economy, where less energy-intensive sectors are gaining more relevance, and due to a higher use of less carbon-intensive primary energy products. This decarbonization trend is in fact more accentuated than that observed in the EU28, but there is still much to be done in order to reverse the huge increases in emissions that occurred in Spain prior to the 2007 crisis. The technical energy efficiency is improving in the Spanish economy at a higher rate than in the EU28, although all these gains are offset by the losses that the country suffers due to the inefficient use of the energy equipment. There is an installed energy infrastructure (in the energy-consumer side) in the Spanish economy that is not working at its maximum rated capacity, but which has very high fixed energy costs that reduce the observed energy efficiency and puts at risk the achievement of the emissions and energy consumption targets set by the European institutions. We arrive to these findings by developing a hybrid decomposition approach called input–output logarithmic mean Divisia index (IO-LMDI) decomposition method. With this methodological approach, we can provide an allocation diagram scheme for assigning the responsibility of primary energy requirements and carbon-dioxide emissions to the end-use sectors, including both economic and non-productive sectors. In addition, we analyze more potential influencing factors than those typically examined, we proceed in a way that reconciles energy intensity and energy efficiency metrics, and we are able to distinguish between technical and observed end-use energy efficiency taking into account potential rebound effects and other factors.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and GHG Emissions Mapping of Buildings for Decision-Making Processes against Climate Change at the Local Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Lorenzo-Sáez ◽  
José-Vicente Oliver-Villanueva ◽  
Eloina Coll-Aliaga ◽  
Lenin-Guillermo Lemus-Zúñiga ◽  
Victoria Lerma-Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

Buildings have become a key source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the consumption of primary energy, especially when used to achieve thermal comfort conditions. In addition, buildings play a key role for adapting societies to climate change by achieving more energy efficiency. Therefore, buildings have become a key sector to tackle climate change at the local level. However, public decision-makers do not have tools with enough spatial resolution to prioritise and focus the available resources and efforts in an efficient manner. The objective of the research is to develop an innovative methodology based on a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping primary energy consumption and GHG emissions in buildings in cities according to energy efficiency certificates. The developed methodology has been tested in a representative medium-sized city in Spain, obtaining an accurate analysis that shows 32,000 t of CO2 emissions due to primary energy consumption of 140 GWh in residential buildings with high spatial resolution at single building level. The obtained results demonstrate that the majority of residential buildings have low levels of energy efficiency and emit an average of 45 kg CO2/m2. Compared to the national average in Spain, this obtained value is on the average, while it is slightly better at the regional level. Furthermore, the results obtained demonstrate that the developed methodology is able to directly identify city districts with highest potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing GHG emissions. Additionally, a data model adapted to the INSPIRE regulation has been developed in order to ensure interoperability and European-wide application. All these results have allowed the local authorities to better define local strategies towards a low-carbon economy and energy transition. In conclusion, public decision-makers will be supported with an innovative and user-friendly GIS-based methodology to better define local strategies towards a low-carbon economy and energy transition in a more efficient and transparent way based on metrics of high spatial resolution and accuracy.

Co-movements of financial volatilities in a changing environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Martins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Volatility Model

<p>Anthropogenic climate change has been attributed mainly to the excessive burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon compounds. On average, 75% of the primary energy is still being produced by means of fossil fuels. In order to mitigate the global effects of climate change, a transition towards low-carbon economies is thus necessary. However, given current technology, this transition requires investments to shift away from high-carbon assets and so the effectiveness of changes in investment decisions depends highly on the expectations about policy change (e.g. regarding carbon pricing). The systemic implications of disruptive technological progress on the prices of carbon-intensive assets are thus compounded by the geopolitical nature of transition risk. If investors are pricing transition risk, this implies prices of high-carbon assets should all be responsive to climate-related policy news. For modelling the dynamics of volatility co-movements at the global scale, we propose an extension to the global volatility factor model of Engle and Martins (\textit{in preparation}). To allow for richer structures of the global volatility process, including dynamics, structural changes, outliers or time-varying parameters, we adapt the indicator saturation approach introduced by Hendry (1999) to the second moment and high-frequency data. In the model, climate change is interpreted as a source of structural change affecting the financial system. The new global volatility model is applied to the daily share prices of major Oil and Gas companies from different countries traded in the NYSE to avoid asynchronicity. As a proxy for climate change risk, we use the climate change news index of Engle et al. (2019). This index is a time series that captures news about long-run climate risk. In particular, we use the innovations in their negative (or bad) news index which is based on sentiment analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of high-rise buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yu. Zhigulina ◽  
Alla M. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The article is devoted to analysis of tendencies and advanced technologies in the field of energy supply and energy efficiency of tall buildings, to the history of the emergence of the concept of "efficiency" and its current interpretation. Also the article show the difference of evaluation criteria of the leading rating systems LEED and BREEAM. Authors reviewed the latest technologies applied in the construction of energy efficient buildings. Methodological approach to the design of tall buildings taking into account energy efficiency needs to include the primary energy saving; to seek the possibility of production and accumulation of alternative electric energy by converting energy from the sun and wind with the help of special technical devices; the application of regenerative technologies.

scholarly journals Thirty years of climate mitigation: lessons from the 1989 options appraisal for the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin Lees ◽  
Nick Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Support Unit ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn April 1989, the UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, convened a full cabinet meeting on climate change addressed by leading scientists. The presentation on mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions was made by the Head of the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU), Ken Currie, and identified the key potential options for mitigation by 2020. In this paper, we compare the mitigation potential identified for each proposed option with the 2019 outturn. The largest mitigation options identified were improved end use energy efficiency across the economy and the generation and use of low carbon electricity. Our analysis finds that these have been the key options adopted. Reductions in primary energy use, resulting from improvements in energy efficiency were concentrated in the period 2005–2012 which in 1989 were widely considered to be ambitious. Decarbonisation of electricity has been achieved by the displacement of coal, initially by gas and more recently by renewable electricity. Renewable electricity has exceeded 1989 expectations in the last 5 years and is now the biggest source of CO2 reductions from electricity generation. The contribution envisaged by nuclear electricity has not occurred, largely due its failure to compete in liberalised generation markets. In all cases, the policy environment has been important. We draw lessons for mitigation options to achieve the goal of net zero emissions in the next 30 years. The contribution of demand side and other modular options will remain crucial, as mass-produced technologies tend to improve more quickly than those requiring large construction projects. Environmental, social and political factors will be important, so analysis should not be a purely techno-economic assessment.

scholarly journals SUMBER-SUMBER PERTUMBUHAN OUTPUT PERIKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA PERIODE 1990-2000: Pendekatan Analisis Input-Output Menggunakan Metode Dekomposisi Faktor

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Tajerin Tajerin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Export Expansion

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber-sumber pertumbuhan output perikanan dan perubahannya yang terjadi selama periode analisis. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari Tabel Input Output Tahun 1990, 1995 dan 2000 yang disusun oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan kerangka model input-output dengan pendekatan dekomposisi faktor. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 1990-1995, pertumbuhan output perikanan primer dan perikanan sekunder didominasi sumber perubahan permintaan akhir domestik, sedangkan pada periode 1995-2000 didominasi sumber perluasan ekspor. Berdasarkan kontribusi terhadap sumber pertumbuhan output total, diketahui bahwa selama periode analisis (1990-2000) belum terjadi (tengah berlangsung) perubahan struktur dari perekonomian yang didominasi kelompok perikanan primer kepada kelompok perikanan sekundernya. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan output perikanan primer dan perikanan sekunder terkait dengan perubahan strukturnya, diperlukan dukungan penguasaan terknologi yang lebih maju dan lebih mendorong perluasan ekspor bersamaan dengan upaya meningkatkan substitusi impor. Tittle: Sources of Fisheries Output Growth in the Indonesian Economy During 1990-2000 : And Input-Output Analysis Approach Using the Decomposition Factor Method.This study was primarily aimed to find out the sources of fisheries' output growth and changes occured to this sector during the analyzed period. Secondary data used in this research were derived from the 1990, 1995 and 2000 I-O tables composed by Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Analysis I-O model framework with factor decomposition approach. Results of the study indicated that during the 1990 – 1995 period, both primary and secondary fisheries' output were dominated by changes in the final demand, while during the 1995 – 2000 period, it was dominated by export expansion. Based on its contribution towards total output growth, during the analysis period (1990 - 2000), fisheries sector had not been experiencing structural changes from a primary-fisheries-dominated economy to secondary-fisheries-dominatedeconomy. In order to increase t output growth related to the structural changes, more advanced technologies, support for more export expansion balanced by the efforts to promote import substitution are required. 

Copper Companies as a Basis for Ensuring Their Global Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-460
Author(s):  
V. V. Krivorotov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Kalina ◽  
S. E. Erypalov ◽  
P. А. Koryakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Efficiency Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools and assess the energy efficiency of Russian copper companies in comparison with the world's leading competitors as the basis for ensuring their competitive development. It is shown that in today's conditions the defining vector of economic development in the leading countries of the world is the concept of low-carbon development and the implementation of the model of a «green economy, based on the introduction of energy-efficient low-carbon technologies that reduce energy intensity and the level of greenhouse gas emissions, on the widespread implementation of energy conservation policies and stimulating the rational use of energy resources A scientific and methodological approach to researching and increasing the competitiveness of companies based on their energy efficient development based on the use of a systematic approach and the principle of feedback between the company's competitiveness and the implementation of its energy efficient development strategy is proposed. A methodological approach to assessing the energy efficiency of companies has been developed, based on the use of indicative analysis and comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators. Within the framework of the developed methodology, a system of indicators of the company's energy efficiency is proposed, which is based on a three-level assessment at the following levels: the level of the production complex as a whole; the level of certain types of products manufactured by the production complex; the level of the technological process for the production of products. Within the framework of the considered three-tier system, a block system of energy efficiency indicators of the company has been formed. The conceptual scheme of the methodology for the multicriteria selection of priority energy-efficient projects for the development of the company is proposed, based on a complex multi-stage procedure, as a result of the implementation of which the selection of the set of projects is made that will provide the maximum effect from the standpoint of increasing the company's energy efficiency. Practical testing of the proposed methodological developments was carried out in relation to the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company - the largest domestic company in the field of copper and copper products production - in comparison with the world's leading competitors. The results of the approbation showed a significant lag of the company in a number of key energy efficiency indicators from the world's leading manufacturers.

Analysis of Low Carbon Influence Factors in Power Industry Based on the ISM

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Min Zeng ◽  
Dun Nan Liu ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Jiang Ping Liu ◽  
Xian Gui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Index System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Low Carbon

Electricity as an important way of primary energy consumption, occupy an important position in fossil energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The significance of this development of low carbon electricity and the necessity of establishing a low carbon index system for the smart grid has been described. 10 factors from three links of power generation, power transmission and distribution, electricity consumption in power industry have been summarized. Combined the analysis of interpretative structural modeling to establish adjacency matrix and reachability matrix, the interpretative structural modeling of index system is decomposed to determine basic indicators, intermediate and advanced indicators which impact low carbon benefits. It has been briefly pointed out that application of interpretative structural modeling.

Discussion about Calculation Principle of Carbon Emission in Low-Carbon Architectures

2011 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Xiao Fei Zhu ◽  
Da Wei Lv
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

There are more and more low-carbon architectures around us gradually. Low-carbon architectures is to decrease the use of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions during materials and equipment manufacturing, construction and the whole life of building use. According to calculating carbon emissions of the building materials in production, construction, using and removal, and the process of calculation, the total sum of carbon emissions in the life cycle was calculated.

scholarly journals Measuring the socio-economic footprint of the energy transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Garcia-Casals ◽  
Rabia Ferroukhi ◽  
Bishal Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Track Record ◽  
The World

Abstract The energy system is often treated as a self-contained system, disconnected from the broader socio-economic structures it is built upon. Understanding the enabling environment and structural elements will help to maximize the benefits of the transition and increase awareness of potential barriers and necessary adjustments along the way. IRENA has developed a methodology to measure the socio-economic footprint of energy transition roadmaps using the E3ME macro-econometric model, which evaluates the likely impacts in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), employment and human welfare. It is based on well-established historical databases and has a proven track record of policy applications. The presented socio-economic footprint analysis is based on the IRENA REmap energy transition roadmap 2018 that explores a higher deployment of low-carbon technologies, mostly renewable energy and energy efficiency. The results show that, with appropriate policies in place, reducing over 90% of the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from the reference case via renewables and energy efficiency coupled with deep electrification of end-uses, results in consistently positive global GDP impacts across the period of analysis from 2018 to 2050. Across the world economy, the transition case leads to a relative increase of employment by 0.14% over the reference case throughout the analysed period from 2018 to 2050. In addition to GDP and employment growth, the energy transition can offer broader welfare gains. However, not all countries and regions around the world benefit equally, and just transition policies must be included to ensure all regions and communities are able to take advantage of the energy transition.

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