Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesian Coffee Exports in 2001-2018 Using The Vector Autoregression (VAR) Approach

Coffee exports are influenced by the exchange rate, the price of coffee and the amount of production. The purpose of the study was to determine the short-term and long-term relationship between coffee exports in 2001-2018. The research method is quantitative descriptive using classical assumption test and Error Correlation Model (ECM). The results of the VAR study are that coffee exports are not affected by coffee prices, coffee production and the rupiah exchange rate. Coffee exports were not significantly affected by coffee production, coffee prices and the exchange rate (exchange rate) using VAR. result Grangger's is that coffee production affects coffee exports and the exchange rate affects coffee exports. Test IRF and VD is the coffee production is influenced by coffee prices and the exchange rate, the price of coffee affects the production of coffee, coffee exports and the exchange rate and the exchange rate is influenced by the price of coffee and coffee exports. As for advice because coffee production affects coffee exports from Indonesia then, the government should do a vertical integration from upstream (people's plantations) to downstream (industries) to increase export expansion.

Competitiveness and Determining Factors of Indonesian Tea Export Volume in the World Market

Indonesia is one of the world's tea exporters, but the decline in the volume and value of its exports to date continues to occur. This study aims to 1) analyze the production trend and export volume of Indonesian tea. 2) analyze Indonesian tea competitiveness in the International market compared to other exporter countries (China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam). 3) analyze the determining factors of Indonesia's tea export volume to 7 major destination countries (Malaysia, Russia, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Poland, and Australia). The analysis methods used are simple linear regression, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Ratio (TSR), and data panel regression. The results showed that the production and volume of Indonesian tea export will decrease every year. Indonesian tea has a very strong comparative competitiveness, but still below India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Indonesia tends to be an exporter of tea to the international market at the stage of export expansion. Factors determining the volume of Indonesian export are Indonesian tea production, the population of importer countries, real GDP per capita of importer countries, level of trade openness of importer countries, and importer countries' inflation rate.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING THE EXPORT OF LATVIA TO UE COUNTRIES

The relevance of this study is tied to the fact, that more effective application of export potential represents a major step towards the integration of Latvia’s economy into a unified economic framework with other European Union countries. In addition, the lack of a generally accepted methodology for assessing export potential increases the significance of these studies from a methodological point of view. The purpose of this study is to analyse the trends in Latvian exports and assess the possibilities of increasing the volume of exports of goods to the EU countries. This study applied quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, analysis of statistical data, methods for assessing the intensity, complementarity of trade between two countries and the potential for exporting Latvian goods to EU countries. The study identifies the countries and categories of goods where Latvian trade potentialto EU can be increased. The authors of the article propose criteria for determining possibility of increasing the export of various groups of goods. The paper may be of interest to all export transaction participants, including manufacturers, merchants, and professional associations. The export expansion assessment method applied by the authors may be adopted by exporting companies to identify groups of goods that have export growth reserves.

About the use of engineering and engineering platforms in housing construction

The article is devoted to the formation of modern organizational forms (organizational structures) of industrial enterprises in construction — a process aimed at improving the efficiency of housing projects, accelerating and improving the quality of industry growth. The system argument is mobilized in favor of the introduction of engineering into the organizational system of housing construction as a factor of consolidation of construction functionality, optimization of technological, financial, investment and management processes, maintenance of the flows of relevant innovations. Along with the characteristics of the target parameters of engineering platforms, the conclusion about their attribution to system-forming enterprises and their special role in program management is substantiated. The author also argues for a principled forecast discourse, according to which, as a result of the involvement of engineering and engineering platforms, the industry will be able to: 1) to take its place in the system of development institutions with the chances of using all their tools; 2) to become an active participant in the implementation of a number of national projects and programs; 3) to act as a subject of export expansion, first of all — in the market of countries belonging to the Eurasian integration groupings in the post-Soviet area.

Managers’ intentions to pursue export expansion an entrepreneurial cognition perspective

Purpose Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of cognitive factors on the intention of a small and medium size enterprise (SME) manager to pursue the expansion of their firm’s export activities. Design/methodology/approach The authors created a research model and collected empirical data among owners and top managers of 127 Costa Rican SMEs. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques to reveal the relative significance and strength of the effects of every hypothesized relationship. Findings The results suggest that the perception of benefits and self-efficacy influence managers’ intentions to expand export activity. Managers’ intention to expand export activity, in turn, is associated with the levels of export commitment exhibited by the SMEs. None of the control variables seem to impact managers’ intentions. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study underline that the export development of a SME is to a large extent only possible if the manager’s perception of control over the export achievements is perceived to be high. SME managers need maximize their perceived level of controllability over firm’s export operations and achievements. This study relied on self-report data. Self-reports are the conventional method for assessing constructs regarding beliefs, and motivations of an individual. Its use in entrepreneurship research is proved to be reliable. However, the authors have to acknowledge that using self-report data carries the risk of common methods bias. Practical implications SMEs managers might benefit from strengthening the sense of self-efficacy regarding international business based on the results of this study. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that a manager’s cognitive characteristics play a crucial role in understanding export expansion of a SME. The results encourage future research to incorporate cognitive theoretical frameworks to examine factors determining international entrepreneurial intentions.