Significance of estrogen receptor subtypes in breast tumorigenesis and progression

Dysregulation of cytokines is among the main abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, although, estrogens, which are known to be involved in lupus disease, influence cytokine production, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Recent evidence demonstrates the presence of estrogen receptor in various cell types of the immune system, while divergent effects of estrogens on the cytokine regulation are thought to be implicated. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current knowledge as to how estrogen-induced modulation of cytokine production in SLE is mediated by the estrogen receptor while simultaneously clarifying various aspects of estrogen receptor signaling in this disease. The estrogen receptor subtypes, their structure, and the mode of action of estrogens by gene activation and via extranuclear effects are briefly presented. Results regarding the possible correlation between estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms and quantitative changes in the receptor protein to SLE pathology and cytokine production are reviewed.

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Uterine glycolytic enzyme expression is affected by knockout of different estrogen receptor subtypes

Biomedical Reports ◽

10.3892/br.2019.1234 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Min Hu ◽

Yuehui Zhang ◽

Emil Egecioglu ◽

Xin Li ◽

Linus Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Glycolytic Enzyme ◽

Receptor Subtypes ◽

Enzyme Expression

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LINC00665 promotes breast cancer progression through regulation of the miR-379-5p/LIN28B axis

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-019-2213-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wei Ji ◽

Yu-Ling Diao ◽

Yi-Ran Qiu ◽

Jie Ge ◽

Xu-Chen Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Progression ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Breast Tumorigenesis ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽

Mirna Sponges

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Although increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles during breast tumorigenesis and progression, the involvement of most lncRNAs in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we demonstrated that LINC00665 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Accumulating evidence indicates that many lncRNAs can function as endogenous miRNA sponges by competitively binding common miRNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that LINC00665 functions as a sponge for miR-379-5p, reducing the ability of miR-379-5p to repress LIN28B. LINC00665 promoted breast cancer progression and induced an epithelial–mesenchymal transition-like phenotype via the upregulation of LIN28B expression. Clinically, LINC00665 expression was increased but miR-379-5p expression was decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with that in normal breast tissues in the TCGA database. Furthermore, the expression of LINC00665 was negatively related with miR-379-5p expression. Collectively, our results reveal the LINC00665–miR-379-5p–LIN28B axis and shed light on breast cancer therapy.

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Postnatal Expression Patterns of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes and Choline Acetyltransferase in Different Regions of the Papez Circuit

Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1159/000502686 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu-xiang Wang ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Li-xia Li ◽

Hui-nan Xu ◽

Hong-gang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Choline Acetyltransferase ◽

Brain Area ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Female Rats ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Receptor Subtypes ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Papez Circuit ◽

G Protein Coupled

The Papez circuit is crucial for several brain functions, including long-term memory and emotion. Estradiol modulates cognitive functions based on the expression pattern of its receptor subtypes including estrogen receptor (ER) α, β, and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Similarly, the activity in the cholinergic system correlates with several brain functions, such as learning and memory. In this study, we used immunofluorescence to examine the expression patterns of ERβ and Western blotting to analyze GPR30 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression, in different regions of the Papez circuit, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and cingulum in female rats at postnatal days (PND) 1, 10, and 56. Our main finding was that the highest expression of ERβ and GPR30 was noted in each brain area of the Papez circuit in the PND1 rats, whereas the expression of ChAT was the highest in PND10 rats. These results provide vital information on the postnatal expression patterns of ER subtypes and ChAT in different regions of the Papez circuit.

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