Lower respiratory tract infections among HIV positive and control group in Nepal

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin sulbactam in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, as well as the efficacy of silver nanoparticle-based disinfectant in equipment disinfection to reduce exogenous infection. From May 2018 to November 2018, 100 patients that had been diagnosed with a lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalized were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given piperacillin/sulbactam, and the control group was given mezlocillin/sulbactam, where 5.0 g was added to 100 mL of normal saline and administered via intravenous drip twice a day over a treatment course of 14 days. The cure rate of the experimental and control groups were 65.22% and 56.52% respectively. The efficacy rate was 91.30% and 91.30% respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results indicated that piperacillin/sulbactam is a safe, effective treatment for lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients, the equipment was sterilized with silver nanoparticle-based disinfectant to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and exogenous infections.

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ANALYSIS OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS WITH A RESEARCH OF A MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF MATERIAL AT HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology ◽

10.36233/0372-9311-2018-1-76-84 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 76-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. V. Puzyreva ◽

L. A. Rodkina ◽

A. V. Mordyk ◽

V. D. Konchenko ◽

L. M. Dalabaeva

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Analysis Of Results ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Microbiological Research

Aim. Study of frequency, the characteristic of lower respiratory tract infections, and results of microbiological researches of biomaterial at HIV-positive patients. Materials and methods. Materials of the Infectious hospital No. 1 of Omsk in 5 years (2012 - 2016) were used. Results. From the treated 1926 HIV-positive patients, lower respiratory tract infections occurred in 538 patients. 45,2% at which lethality was 18,1% fell to the share of bacteriemic pneumonia. The analysis of results of microbiological researches of biomaterials at HIV-positive patients was carried out. In a sputum Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and other microorganisms was most often allocated. Streptococcus viridans and mushrooms of the sort Candida were a frequent find in biomaterial. Conclusion. The received results demand further researches for comparison of clinicoradiological implications and result of a microbiological research of biomaterials of HIV-positive patients.

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Effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” on hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06886-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caiyun Chen ◽

Ping Zhu ◽

Yongxiang Zhang ◽

Bo Liu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

And Control ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background No studies have yet reported the effect of prevention and control measures, which were implemented to combat COVID-19, on the prevention and control of common HAIs. We aimed to examine the effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” (implemented in May 2020) by comparison of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs) in China during 2018, 2019, and 2020. Methods Data of inpatients before and after implementation of new requirements were retrospectively analyzed, including infection rate, use of alcohol-based hand cleaner, anatomical sites of infections, pathogen species, infection by multi-drug resistant species, and use of different antibiotics. Results The HAI rate was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05), and the CAI rate was significantly higher in 2019 and 2020 than in 2018 (P < 0.001). Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common HAI during all years, with no significant changes over time. Lower respiratory tract infections were also the most common CAI, but were significantly more common in 2018 and 2019 than 2020 (P < 0.001). There were no changes in upper respiratory tract infections among HAIs or CAIs. Most HAIs and CAIs were from Gram-negative bacteria, and the percentages of fungal infections were greater in 2019 and 2020 than 2018. MRSA infections were more common in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05). The utilization rate and usage days of antibiotics decreased over time (P < 0.001) and the culture rate of microbial specimens before antibiotic usage increased over time (P < 0.001). Conclusions The new prevention and control requirements provided important benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their effects on HAIs were not obvious.

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Effect of C reactive protein point-of-care testing on antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections in nursing home residents: cluster randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n2198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n2198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tjarda M Boere ◽

Laura W van Buul ◽

Rogier M Hopstaken ◽

Maurits W van Tulder ◽

Jos W M R Twisk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether C reactive protein point-of-care testing (CRP POCT) safely reduces antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections in nursing home residents. Design Pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting The UPCARE study included 11 nursing home organisations in the Netherlands. Participants 84 physicians from 11 nursing home organisations included 241 participants with suspected lower respiratory tract infections from September 2018 to the end of March 2020. Interventions Nursing homes allocated to the intervention group had access to CRP POCT. The control group provided usual care without CRP POCT for patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infections. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was antibiotic prescribing at initial consultation. Secondary outcome measures were full recovery at three weeks, changes in antibiotic management and additional diagnostics during follow-up at one week and three weeks, and hospital admission and all cause mortality at any point (initial consultation, one week, or three weeks). Results Antibiotics were prescribed at initial consultation for 84 (53.5%) patients in the intervention group and 65 (82.3%) in the control group. Patients in the intervention group had 4.93 higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 12.73) of not being prescribed antibiotics at initial consultation compared with the control group, irrespective of treating physician and baseline characteristics. The between group difference in antibiotic prescribing at any point from initial consultation to follow-up was 23.6%. Differences in secondary outcomes between the intervention and control groups were 4.4% in full recovery rates at three weeks (86.4% v 90.8%), 2.2% in all cause mortality rates (3.5% v 1.3%), and 0.7% in hospital admission rates (7.2% v 6.5%). The odds of full recovery at three weeks, and the odds of mortality and hospital admission at any point did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions CRP POCT for suspected lower respiratory tract infection safely reduced antibiotic prescribing compared with usual care in nursing home residents. The findings suggest that implementing CRP POCT in nursing homes might contribute to reduced antibiotic use in this setting and help to combat antibiotic resistance. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NL5054

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Effect of The “Normalized Epidemic Prevention And Control Requirements” On Hospital-Acquired And Community-Acquired Infections In China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-916149/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caiyun Chen ◽

Ping Zhu ◽

Yongxiang Zhang ◽

Bo Liu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

And Control ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background: No studies have yet reported the effect of prevention and control measures, which were implemented to combat COVID-19, on the prevention and control of common HAIs. We aimed to examine the effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” (implemented in May 2020) by comparison of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs) in China during 2018, 2019, and 2020.Methods: Data of inpatients before and after implementation of new requirements were retrospectively analyzed, including infection rate, use of alcohol-based hand cleaner, anatomical sites of infections, pathogen species, infection by multi-drug-resistant species, use of different antibiotics, and antibiotic use density. Results: The HAI rate was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.05), and the CAI rate was significantly higher in 2019 and 2020 than in 2018 (P<0.001). Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common HAI during all years, with no significant changes over time. Lower respiratory tract infections were also the most common CAI, but were significantly more common in 2018 and 2019 than 2020 (P<0.001). There were no changes in upper respiratory tract infections among HAIs or CAIs. Most HAIs and CAIs were from Gram-negative bacteria, and the percentages of fungal infections were greater in 2019 and 2020 than 2018. MRSA infections were more common in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.05). The utilization rate and usage days of antibiotics decreased over time (P<0.001), the culture rate of microbial specimens before antibiotics usage increased over time (P<0.001), but antibiotic use density remained steady over time. Conclusions: The new prevention and control requirements provided important benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their effects on HAIs were not obvious.

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Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in severe lower respiratory tract infections in children under two

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7087 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 283-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Heba Taher Othman ◽

Walaa Al Sharany Abu Elhamed ◽

Dina Mohammed Hassan ◽

May Sherif Soliman ◽

Radwa Wagih Abdel Baset

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

Control Group ◽

Minor Role ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Viruses are the most important causative agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), ranked as the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of hospitalization in children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are among the commonest viral causes of severe ALRTI. In this study, we aimed to study the burden of both RSV and hMPV in causing severe ALRTI in children younger than two years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of community-acquired ALRTI who were two years of age or younger. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for RSV and hMPV. Results: A total of 127 swabs were screened for RSV and hMPV, of which 49.6% were negative for RSV and hMPV, 46.4% were positive for RSV, and 3.9% were positive for hMPV. With respect to RSV, the mean age of cases (4.01 ± 5.05) and the monthly distribution (mainly January) were the most important risk factors. There were no statistically significant differences between the RSV group and control group regarding duration of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation need or duration, and underlying chronic conditions. Conclusions: RSV is important viral cause of severe ALRTIs in children younger than two years of age during this study period; hMPV played a minor role.

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