scholarly journals Focusing on what counts: using exploratory focus groups to enhance the development of an electronic survey in a mixed-methods research design

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natal’ya Galliott ◽  
Linda J. Graham
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanela Pivač ◽  
Primož Gradišek ◽  
Brigita Skela-Savič

Abstract Background: The benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren are well known, but the appropriate age for introducing training is still being discussed. This is a very important issue, since out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health concern. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of implemented cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on the knowledge and prosocial behavior of children in the last three grades of Slovenian elementary schools, and to identify the experience of training instructors. Methods: A mixed methods research design was employed, using a cohort study with testing before and after training, and focus groups. Research was conducted in 15 Slovenian elementary schools offering cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Focus groups included training instructors and developers. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire from April to June 2018 and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The three focus groups were convened in September and October 2018. Content analysis of the discussion transcriptions was conducted. The sample included 764 schoolchildren aged 12.5–14.5 years before cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 566 schoolchildren after training. Three non-homogeneous focus groups included eight cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructors. Results: Significant progress in knowledge was noted after training implementation, with the greatest progress seen in the youngest age group (mean age 12.5). Male gender increased the level of self-confidence (β=0.114; p=0.007). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge influenced helping behavior (β=0.111; p=0.008), while internal motivation to help others was influenced by age (β=0.116; p=0.006) and level of knowledge (β=0.111; p=0.008). Analysis of the focus groups yielded two themes: (a) the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on schoolchildren, and (b) the systemic responsibility of the school system and professional bodies. Conclusions: Significant progress in schoolchildren’s cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge after training was established. Early introduction of training is recommended. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge influences the development of schoolchildren’s prosocial behavior, as it raises awareness of the responsibility to help others and increases self-confidence to provide bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We can conclude that early Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for children is crucial. It should be a mandatory part of school curricula in those countries where Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not yet mandatory.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanela Pivač ◽  
Primož Gradišek ◽  
Brigita Skela-Savič

Abstract Background: The benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren are well known, but the appropriate age for introducing training is still being discussed. This is a very important issue, since out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health concern. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of implemented cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on the knowledge and prosocial behavior of children in the last three grades of Slovenian elementary schools, and to identify the experience of training instructors. Methods: A mixed methods research design was employed, using a cohort study with testing before and after training, and focus groups. Research was conducted in 15 Slovenian public elementary schools offering cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Focus groups included training instructors and developers. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire from April to June 2018 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. The three focus groups were convened in September and October 2018. Content analysis of the discussion transcriptions was conducted. The sample included 764 schoolchildren aged 12.5–14.5 years before cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 566 schoolchildren after training. Three non-homogeneous focus groups included eight cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructors. Results: Significant progress in knowledge was noted after training implementation, with the greatest progress seen in the youngest age group (mean age 12.5). The greatest increase after the training was seen in confidence (p=0.001), increase in helping behavior was moderate (p=0.003), while the level of internal motivation prior to and after the training remained the same. Analysis of the focus groups yielded two themes: (a) the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on schoolchildren, and (b) the systemic responsibility of the school system and professional bodies. Conclusions: Significant progress in schoolchildren’s cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge after training was established. Early introduction of training is recommended. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge influences the development of schoolchildren’s prosocial behavior, as it raises awareness of the responsibility to help others and increases self-confidence to provide bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We can conclude that early cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for children is crucial. It should be a mandatory part of school curricula in those countries where cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not yet mandatory.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brook ◽  
Sue Fostaty Young

The purpose of this research was to identify the various types of employment held by music alumni at one university. We also compare the perceptions of alumni who currently work primarily in music with those of alumni who work outside the field. A mixed-methods research design that relied on surveys and interviews was used to gather data. Alumni employed primarily outside the field held a wide variety of roles and many reported incorporating their musical skills in these roles and they continued to engage in a variety of activities within the field of music. Those whose employment was primarily in music were more likely to have reported choosing to enroll in a music degree program with an express intention of gaining music-focused employment. Findings from this study illustrate that while graduates of music programs do find employment success, further investigation is necessary to identify the breadth of roles available, yet untapped, for music graduates and the perhaps entrepreneurial requirements for engagement in them. Our findings also point to the need for music programs to realign curriculum to better reflect the ever-expanding music sector.


2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane G. Tillman ◽  
A. Jill Clemence ◽  
Jennifer L. Stevens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
N.P.S. Widiastuti ◽  
N.N. Padmadewi ◽  
N.L.P.E.S. Dewi

The objectives of the research was to investigate and analyze the implementation of videoconference as a method to teach speaking; and to analyze teachers’ and students’ opinion about videoconference. The present research applied a mixed methods research design. The research subjects were 93 students and 2 speaking lecturers. The findings showed that the implementation of videoconference for speaking was seamlessly done.  In the pre-activities, lecturer greeted students, sent link of meeting and attendance list, and did apperception. Main activities were done through various teaching methods and strategies for videoconference, namely focus trios, chain speaking and discussion. In the post-activities the students did online game, summarized the lesson, and did the project. The implementation of videoconference mostly utilized Zoom Meeting and others supporting systems, such as: WhatsApp Group, Quizizz,  and many more. Lastly, the results of the questionnaire showed positive response as the participants mostly perceive the advantages rather than disadvantages of videoconference provided.    


Author(s):  
Oksana Parylo

The overall aim of this chapter is to provide a better understanding of how a specific technique of online research methodology, online focus groups, has been theoretically conceptualized and practically utilized in order to examine its advantages and disadvantages to improve future applications of this technique in qualitative and mixed methods research. The chapter offers an overview of qualitative and mixed methods empirical research using online focus groups in different disciplines and outlines the strengths and weaknesses of this data collection technique. In addition, based on the review of empirical and theoretical research, the current and emerging practices in and characteristics of using online focus groups for data collection are outlined and used to suggest future trends in using this data collection technique in qualitative and mixed methods research.


2015 ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Theodora Issa ◽  
David Pick

Contributing to the ongoing debate in research on sensitive issues such as business ethics, this chapter provides a discussion of mixed methods research design, examining the processes and challenges of developing and deploying an online survey tool using technology within an interpretive mixed methods design. This chapter provides pointers on how to deploy this approach through technology to research business ethics using the example of researching ethical mindsets and its components, including spirituality and aesthetics. It is found that mixed methods research is an effective approach because it allows often sensitive issues (i.e. business ethics, aesthetics, spirituality) relating to questioning individuals' inner values and ethical propensities, which are usually subtle and difficult to measure and analyze constructs. While this tool was developed in the Australian context, it has the potential to form a foundation for wider examination and research in business ethics. The chapter contributes to the collective discussion of research methods using a framework that has both practical relevance and theoretical rigor.


This chapter presents the methodological and conceptual approach, which informed the research design for the study. It is pertinent to reiterate here that the design of this study sought to discern the positive psychological forces that shape subjective wellbeing of informal caregivers. This desire prompted the adoption of a mixed methods research. The rationale for this methodological preference is presented. In addition, advantages of mixed methods approach are elaborated upon. Furthermore, other issues are addressed, including sample size, instrumentation, and research procedures. This chapter also explains, with much detail, the parameters and boundary conditions that constituted the guiding assumptions, limitations, as well as delimitations of the study. It should be noted that the chapter also explains the essential approach to data analysis.


Author(s):  
Mette L. Baran

This chapter introduces the various design choices researchers need to decide on prior to conducting the study. The chapter starts with a detailed description of what research design is, followed by an explanation of descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory research questions. This determines what type of data will be collected. The major strategic implementation methods for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods are then discussed. The three strategies for mixed methods research—parallel convergent, sequential, and embedded design—are presented in detail along with the rationale for their use. Finally, in the last section, the strands or sequencing of the data collection phase of the study are explained.


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