Strategies That Promote Equity in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake for Black Communities: a Review

Black communities have had a high burden of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and death, yet rates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Blacks lag behind other demographic groups. This has been due in part to vaccine hesitancy and multi-level issues around access to COVID-19 vaccines. Effective strategies to promote vaccine uptake among Black communities are needed. To perform a rapid review covering December 2020–August 2021, our search strategy used PubMed, Google, and print media with a prescribed set of definitions and search terms for two reasons: there were limited peer-reviewed studies during the early period of vaccine roll-out and real-time perspectives were crucially needed. Analyses included expert opinion, descriptions of implemented projects, and project outcomes. The strategies described in these reports largely converged into three categories: (a) addressing mistrust, (b) combatting misinformation, and (c) improving access to COVID-19 vaccines. When working to reduce hesitancy, it is important to consider messaging content, messengers, and location. To address mistrust, reports detailed the importance of communicating through trusted channels, validating the real, history- and experience-based reasons why people may be hesitant to establish common ground, and addressing racism embedded within the healthcare system. To combat misinformation, strategies included dispelling myths and answering questions through town halls and culturally intelligent outreach. Black physicians and clinicians are considered trusted messengers and partnering with community leaders such as pastors can help to reach more people. The settings of vaccination sites should be convenient and trusted such as churches, barbershops, and community sites. While a number of individual and combination efforts have been developed and implemented, data that disentangle components that are the most effective are sparse. This rapid review provides a basis for developing strategic implementation to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this ongoing pandemic and planning to promote health equity for future bio-events and health crises.

Mixed Methods Research Design

This chapter introduces the various design choices researchers need to decide on prior to conducting the study. The chapter starts with a detailed description of what research design is, followed by an explanation of descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory research questions. This determines what type of data will be collected. The major strategic implementation methods for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods are then discussed. The three strategies for mixed methods research—parallel convergent, sequential, and embedded design—are presented in detail along with the rationale for their use. Finally, in the last section, the strands or sequencing of the data collection phase of the study are explained.

Strategi pengembangan profesionalisme penyuluh dalam peningkatan mutu penyuluhan pertanian

Agricultural extension is less clear, so it needs to be addressed, by developing professionalism of extension workers in improving the quality of agricultural extension. How is the implementation of strategic management in improving the quality of agricultural extension. The research objectives were to identify and analyze: 1. SWOT internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) and external environment (opportunities and challenges / threats); 2. Strategic formulation; 3. Strategic implementation; 4. Management of supervision and evaluation of agricultural extension professionalism; 5. Strategic steps to overcome problems and weaknesses. The research method uses a qualitative approach. Research location: BP3K Sukalarang and Sukabumi Subdistricts, West Java. The underlying theory is educational management, strategic management, human resource management, agricultural management and extension, quality theory and culture. The research findings are: 1. Not all BP3K heads have analyzed and combined their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges into the conclusion of strategic assumptions in the preparation of strategic plans; 2. Strategic formulation has not been based on strategic assumptions by maximizing strengths and minimizing weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities in facing challenges. Vision, mission, strategic objectives and policies for professional development of extension workers are integrated in RENSTRA BP4K; 3. Strategic implementation includes programs, budgets and implementation procedures contained in the BP3K Annual Work Plan Program with a nominal BP3K Budget Work Plan, the agricultural extension professionalism development program has not been specifically regulated; 4. Supervision and evaluation of the professionalism of agricultural extension workers have not collaborated between the Head of BP3K and the district agricultural extension coordinator. The head of BP3K has not reported the results of the detailed and periodic professionalism assessment of agricultural extension agents to the district agricultural extension coordinator; 5. Strategies to overcome problems in an anticipatory manner through fostering motivation to all agricultural extension workers. Research recommendations: it is recommended that BP3K heads maximize strengths, minimize weaknesses, take advantage of opportunities to overcome challenges. Strategic assumptions are the basis for formulating vision, mission, goals, strategies and policies so that the professionalism of agricultural extension workers can develop to improve the quality of agricultural extension.

CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL LEARNING IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN SRI LANKA DUE TO COVID-19

Це дослідження намагається визначити внесок інформаційних технологій (ІТ) у стратегічне впровадження цифрового навчання та його вплив на державні університети Шрі-Ланки через COVID-19. У цій роботі є подальша спроба дослідити ефективність цифрового навчання, яке було впроваджено, в тому числі в науковців через COVID-19, його імплементацію в державних університетах Шрі-Ланки та проблеми, з якими стикаються викладачі та студенти. Завдання цього дослідження полягали в тому, щоб розпізнати позитивний і негативний вплив віртуальних досліджень та їх адаптації, а також визначити можливості майбутнього цифрового навчання в академічній освітній системі державних університетів Шрі-Ланки. Це дослідження було проведено у восьми державних університетах Шрі-Ланки. Методика цього дослідження була якісною. Вибірка цього дослідження була цілеспрямована. Збір даних проводився за допомогою посібника з інтерв’ю, створеного з відкритих питань, пов’язаних з дослідженням, і дані аналізувалися тематично. Результати цього дослідження охоплюють впровадження віртуального навчання, змішане навчання та дистанційне оцінювання, а також адаптацію до змін. На основі отриманих висновків дослідники врахували рекомендації

Real Drivers of Climate Change?

As momentum gradually builds behind the strategy to address climate change through the global attainment of net zero emissions, recent science, post-dating this strategic implementation, throws doubt on the efficacy of such a strategy. Instead this science points to other potentially significant, if not primary, drivers of global warming largely overlooked by the established approach.

Functional responsibility for internal communication management and its integration in contemporary businesses

Purpose Despite the proven link between internal communication and more effective business results, only a few attempts have been made to answer the essential question of who is responsible for managing internal communication in an organisation. This paper aims to examine the presence of internal communication management (ICM) practices in companies in Latvia and launch a new discussion on who should manage internal communication in a modern company to support business strategy and development. Design/methodology/approach In the first phase of the study, a survey was conducted in three business sectors in Latvia involved in managing and implementing the internal communications function. Using the multiple case study method, the second phase of the study examined in-depth, ICM and the implementation practices in four different Latvian companies. In total, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted within 4 companies, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the material gained from the interviews. Findings The target companies and relevant professionals from different fields have divergent opinions about who should manage the internal communication function. From the research across four companies, it was concluded that internal communication was implemented in a fragmented manner. There was a weak understanding of the meaning and goal of internal communication. The potential of effective internal communication in reaching strategic goals has not been realised. Responsibility for ICM is often limited to the reactive performance of public relations departments, human resources or marketing specialists. The companies clearly did not have a defined scope of responsibilities for managing internal communication amongst the different parts of their organisations. It can be concluded that company managers should pay attention to how internal communication is conducted, clearly delegate this function to a manager and define the expected results that meet the company’s strategic goals. The results of this research can be used to inform recommendations for integrating the ICM function. Originality/value Only a few research papers have discussed responsibility for internal communication functions. This research particularly fills this gap and emphasises the need to assign responsibility for an organisation’s ICM function as it is the core factor in strategic implementation and input related to business goals.

Positive Salt Tolerance Modulation via Vermicompost Regulation of SOS1 Gene Expression and Antioxidant Homeostasis in Viciafaba Plant

Strategic implementation of vermicompost as safe biofertilizer besides defensing saline soils offer dual function solving problems in developing countries. The current study aims to utilize vermicompost (VC) for amelioration of 200mM NaCl in Vicia faba Aspani cultivar and investigate the molecular role of salt overly sensitive pathway (SOS1). The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatments include 0; 2.5; 5; 10; 15% dried VC intermingled with soil mixture (clay: sand; 1:2) and/or 200 mM NaCl. The results show that salinity stress decreased broad bean fresh and dry weight; and K+/Na+. However, malonedialdehyde and H2O2 contents; increased. Application of 10% VC and salinity stress increases Ca2+ (41% and 50%), K+/Na+ (125% and 89%), Mg2+ (25% and 36%), N (8% and 11%), indole acetic acid (70% and 152%) and proteins (9% and 13%) for root and shoot, respectively, in comparison to salt treated pots. Moreover, all examined enzymatic antioxidants and their substrates increased, except glutathione reductase. A parallel decrease in abscisic acid (75% and 29%) and proline (59% and 58%) was also recorded for roots and leaves, respectively. Interestingly, the highly significant increase in gene expression of SOS1 (45-fold) could drive defense machinery of broad bean to counteract 200 mM NaCl.

Biosimilar strategic implementation at a large health system

Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles , AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose This article highlights one health system’s response to the market influx of biosimilars with the establishment of a process for formulary review and selection of preferred agents and support for therapeutic interchanges. Summary Through assessment of available literature, insurance payor coverage, and manufacturer-anticipated approvals of biosimilars, a strategic stance was developed to guide biosimilar order preparation, review, adoption, and implementation. The electronic medical record (EMR) is prepared for biosimilar implementation at least 6 to 12 months ahead of anticipated formulary review. The review includes assessment of a class (reference product and available biosimilars) after at least 2 biosimilars become available. Key health-system departments and clinicians are enlisted to support review of clinical, safety, and economic implications. Implementation of a preferred product relies on standard education, formulary availability, and staff awareness to address any perceived patient safety concerns and gather provider support. The standard steps developed now apply to all future biosimilar reviews, adoption plans, and ongoing monitoring. Barriers evaluated include changes in payor coverage and challenges in preparation of the EMR for future biosimilars, meeting precertification team education needs, and providing operational support for pharmacy inventory. Conclusion To date, use of 5 preferred biosimilar products has led to significant cost savings to the institution, and the process has been endorsed by providers. The institution’s successes can be attributed to clear communication with stakeholders and the development of a deliberate process, led by a multidisciplinary leadership team, for managing formulary, safety, and operational barriers in a thoughtful and systematic manner.

Connotation and Construction of “Lancang-Mekong Community of Shared Future” through Sports Cooperation

In essence, the community with a shared future for mankind is a community of values, which has entered the stage of strategic implementation. The Lancang Mekong River Basin countries share the same river water, which has already bred the community concept of "relatives, neighbors and friends", and is the priority area of "building a community with a shared future for mankind". As an important channel to expand international cooperation space, the sports field should constantly promote practical cooperation and help the construction of "Lancang Mekong community of common destiny". Based on the Lancang Mekong cooperation mechanism and regional characteristics, this paper holds the connection and maintenance functions of "easy" and "regular" contained in sports, and puts forward the following ideas: make a top-level design of policies, actively incorporate into the policy system of regional cooperation mechanism; connect with national strategies, declare various special funds to provide financial support; deepen sports tourism cooperation and promote the Lancang Mekong nationality Traditional sports games and cultural festivals create the brand of Lancang Mekong events, enhance the consciousness of Lancang Mekong, and form the Lancang Mekong sports culture; play the role of "non-state actors" such as overseas Chinese, industry associations and Universities, expand the "individual" interaction field, and provide internal driving force for the construction of "Lancang Mekong Community of Shared future".

Restructuring of a Hospital Radiology Department: Subspecialization Between Man, Machine, and Multidisciplinary Board

Background Radiology, like almost no other discipline, is faced with a rapid increase in information and technology. This and the growing demands regarding referring medicine, quality requirements, and personnel efficiency increasingly require subspecialization in terms of content. There is already an established move towards radiological subspecialization in the Anglo-American region. In this review article, the content and possibilities of restructuring a hospital radiology department are presented in order to support acceptance in German-speaking countries. Method Based on the current literature, the aspects of subspecialized radiology as well as its necessity, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and the challenges to hospital management with respect to strategic implementation in the individual phases are presented based on the example of a university radiology department. The viewpoints also take into account the education regulations and integrate a modern learning concept. Results and Conclusion Modern restructuring of hospital radiology departments is faced with increasing demands on a traditionally technically organized radiology department with regard to the complexity of referring medicine, subspecialization pressure (including in certified boards), and staff efficiency. The restructuring of a radiology department must be aligned with the clinical requirements and discussed in the overall concept of radiology including its environment. Key points: Citation Format