Mixed Methods Research Design

This chapter introduces the various design choices researchers need to decide on prior to conducting the study. The chapter starts with a detailed description of what research design is, followed by an explanation of descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory research questions. This determines what type of data will be collected. The major strategic implementation methods for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods are then discussed. The three strategies for mixed methods research—parallel convergent, sequential, and embedded design—are presented in detail along with the rationale for their use. Finally, in the last section, the strands or sequencing of the data collection phase of the study are explained.

A real-time network-based approach for analysing best–worst data types

Best–worst scaling is a widespread approach in market research used for collecting data on the needs and preferences of people. However, the current preparation of its design and the analysis of the data depends on complex statistical methods. One of the most commonly used models for estimating individual preference probabilities is the hierarchical Bayes model, which can only be applied after the data collection phase. This type of calculation needs more infrastructural background and a large sample to provide accurate estimations. Here, we introduce a new application that enables fast calculations and individual-level real-time estimations, which also has a great potential to ask additional questions depending on the respondent’s answers during live interviews. Our network-based approach (integrating the PageRank algorithm) works well for online surveys, and it supports our dynamic and adaptive, real-time evaluation (DART) of best–worst data types, and results in more relevant decision making in marketing.

Research in the Religious Realm: Intersectional Diversification and Dynamic Variances of Insider/Outsider Perspectives

This article discusses insider/outsider perspectives in qualitative research among religious people. Focus is on the insider researcher. Even if researcher and participants share the same overall religious adherence or are members of the same denomination, various factors can differentiate them substantially, affecting insider/outsider perspectives. The methodological implications of this phenomenon are drawn from research on the perception of gender roles among Mormon women in Belgium. The mutual perception of researcher and participant can influence the data collection phase as value-laden issues are being discussed. To ensure the validity and objectivity of research in this context, positionalities of researcher and participants need to be clearly defined and methodological safeguards put into place. The analysis of the interactions between researcher and participants led to the identification of seven intersecting insider/outsider perspectives: denominational, congregational, social, religious, topical, lingual, and academic. Moreover, as compound insider/outsider positions move on several continua, various factors can change the perspectives during interviews. This article adds to the methodology of qualitative research by uncovering perspectives which researchers can consider or adapt when interviewing religious participants.

ENVIRONMENTAL CITIZENSHIP FOR THE RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR WASTE IN THE CITY OF BEJAIA, ALGÉRIA (REPORT AND LIMITS)

The problematic of rational management of household and similar wasteis a responsibility shared between all the actors of the city. The citizen or user has a great contribution in the success of this management. This by contribution to the realization of their duty and right in the collection of household and similar waste (HSW). The objective of this study is to examine the degree of enrollment of environmental citizenship in relation to the management of (HSW) in the collection and pre-collection phase in the city of Bejaia. The amount of waste generated in this city continues to increase (0.84 Kg/d /Inhabitant), with a daily tonnage which reaches 191 tonnes. These quantities of household waste produced and thrown away daily appear dispersed and scattered randomly in the sectors of the city. This observation reflects the negative behavior of the inhabitants, and has caused several consequences on the living environment, and on the tourist vocation of the city in general. This does not allow the city to play its functionality and represents a discomfort in front of all users, and particularly a failure in front of the actors of this city. Resorting to the implementation of shared management will allow the city of Bejaia to strengthen the level of environmental citizenship. Thus, correct the level of offset in the collection phase.

Prevalence of Headache and Related Factors in Erciyes University Medical Faculty Students

Headache is one of the oldest known symptoms in humans and headache disorders are among the most common diagnoses in neurology clinics. More than 90% of people experience a headache at least once in their lifetime. Medical students may frequently experience headache triggering situations such as insomnia, fatigue, and stress. The purpose of this research; The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of headache in Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine students, the nature of the pain in patients with headache and related factors.Materials-Methods: This descriptive study; It was conducted with medical faculty students studying at Erciyes University. In March 2019, 1602 students were enrolled in the medical faculty and all of them were planned to be included in the study and the sample size calculation was not made, and a total of 1296 people could be reached when the data collection phase was completed. The obtained data were evaluated in computer environment and p <0.05 values were accepted as significant in statistical analysis. Results: 46.5% of the participants in the study were men and 53.5% were women. 6.9% of the participants stated that they had a diagnosed headache disease, 31.7% stated that they had a headache at least once a week. The triggering factors were mostly; insomnia (77.4%), stresssadness (72.4%), fatigue (%70.0), noise (%59.4), study (%44.5). The frequency of headache is significantly higher in women, those with a family history and those living with their families. The mean severity score of those who describe sharp and throbbing pain, which is mostly seen in migraine, is significantly higher than the feeling of tension and heaviness. Conclusion: One-third of the participants stated that they experienced a headache once or more per week. A significant relationship was found between headache and the factors of gender, family history and place of residence. It has been determined that the factors that trigger pain are mostly insomnia, stress-sadness and fatigue. Medical students can be informed about the examination of headache complaints by the physician and the arrangement of necessary treatments, as well as training on sleep hygiene and coping with stress, and social support can be provided.

Trajectory Design for UAV-Based Data Collection Using Clustering Model in Smart Farming

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in facilitating data collection in remote areas due to their remote mobility. The collected data require processing close to the end-user to support delay-sensitive applications. In this paper, we proposed a data collection scheme and scheduling framework for smart farms. We categorized the proposed model into two phases: data collection and data scheduling. In the data collection phase, the IoT sensors are deployed randomly to form a cluster based on their RSSI. The UAV calculates an optimum trajectory in order to gather data from all clusters. The UAV offloads the data to the nearest base station. In the second phase, the BS finds the optimally available fog node based on efficiency, response rate, and availability to send workload for processing. The proposed framework is implemented in OMNeT++ and compared with existing work in terms of energy and network delay.

PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING: ALTERNATIVE FOR MICROIRRIGATION IN THE MATA MINEIRA AREA

The objective of the research was to evaluate the uniformity of drip irrigation with photovoltaic pumping with and without storage in batteries. using normal and self-compensating emitters. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa. Minas Gerais. Brazil. Two drip irrigation systems were tested. one with self-compensating emitters and the other with normal emitters with a flow rate of 4 L h-1. The coefficients of uniformity of Cristiansen and distribution (CUC and CUD) were used to evaluate the performance of the irrigation systems. The volumes pumped by the autonomous system and stored in batteries throughout the year in all regions of the country were compared for the period from 02/01/2018 to 01/31/2019. a period that contemplates the data collection phase of the experiment. According to the results. the uniformity of the drip systems with and without energy storage. with emitters normal and self-compensating presented a coefficient between 93% and 97%. classified as excellent. The largest volumes pumped throughout the year for drip irrigation systems with normal and self-compensating emitters without batteries occurred in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Green and Sustainable Life Insurance: A Bibliometric Review

Presently, there is a growing concern about implementing sustainable practices among businesses worldwide. Risk management is observed to contribute to the promotion of exercised business sustainability significantly. The study aims to examine published articles focusing on the role of risk management in promoting business sustainability practices and its advancement in the Cambridge online database to determine the current trend direction of this field. The paper’s conducted analysis is based on bibliographic co-word clustering analysis of the collected studies from the database. The research’s output disclosed four keyword clusters in the gathered articles’ titles and identified the most interested journals, countries, authors, subject areas, and organizations in the said topic and its popular research period. Based on the research output, recommendations regarding future research were provided, including expanding the list of databases for the data collection phase and utilizing the bibliographic coupling relations approach in the bibliometric analysis.

Using Students’ L1 (Arabic) in English L2 Classrooms in College Classrooms in Kuwait

This study explored the use of students’ L1 (Arabic) in one of Kuwait’s public institutions—namely, the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET). The purpose of this study was three-fold: (1) to look at the functions of using L1, (2) to explore any comprehensibility issues and/or academic gains, and (3) to investigate any psychological issues students face when not using L1. The study employed a two-stage data collection phase, where a total of 278 students participated in the closed-ended questionnaire and 6 students participated in the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that students attach several important aspects to the use of L1 in their L2 classrooms. Students expressed that the inclusion of Arabic eases their intake from lectures and allows them to better understand the lectures’ content. However, the findings also indicated that students object to the overreliance on Arabic and instead prefer that teachers strike a balance between L1 and L2 use to maximize their learning.

Vietnamese Complaint Detection on E-Commerce Websites

Customer product reviews play a role in improving the quality of products and services for business organizations or their brands. Complaining is an attitude that expresses dissatisfaction with an event or a product not meeting customer expectations. In this paper, we build a Vietnamese Open-domain Complaint Detection dataset (UIT-ViOCD), including 5,485 human-annotated reviews on four categories about product reviews on e-commerce sites. After the data collection phase, we proceed to the annotation task and achieve the inter-annotator agreement (Am) of 87%. Then, we present an extensive methodology for the research purposes and achieve 92.16% by F1-score for identifying complaints. With the results, in future, we aim to build a system for open-domain complaint detection on E-commerce websites.