The significance of cytokine-producing B cells in breast tumor-draining lymph nodes

ABSTRACT Previously, we showed that overexpression of MIP-1α in mouse brain further decreased rabies virus (RABV) pathogenicity (L. Zhao, H. Toriumi, Y. Kuang, H. Chen, and Z. F. Fu, J. Virol., 83:11808-11818, 2009). In the present study, the immunogenicity of recombinant RABV expressing MIP-1α (rHEP-MIP1α) was determined. It was found that intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice with rHEP-MIP1α resulted in a higher level of expression of MIP-1α at the site of inoculation, increased recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and mature B cells into the draining lymph nodes and the peripheral blood, and higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers than immunization with the parent rHEP and recombinant RABVs expressing RANTES (CCL5) or IP-10 (CXCL10). Our data thus demonstrate that expression of MIP-1α not only reduces viral pathogenicity but also enhances immunogenicity by recruiting DCs and B cells to the site of immunization, the lymph nodes, and the blood.

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Regulatory B cells preferentially accumulate in tumor-draining lymph nodes and promote tumor growth

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep12255 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sheila N. Ganti ◽

Tina C. Albershardt ◽

Brian M. Iritani ◽

Alanna Ruddell

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Regulatory B Cells ◽

Promote Tumor Growth ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes

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Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820980711 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030098582098071

Author(s):

Marcelo De las Heras ◽

Raúl Armando Reséndiz ◽

José María González-Sáinz ◽

Aurora Ortín

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Envelope Protein ◽

Regional Lymph Nodes ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Nasal Tumor ◽

Nasal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes ◽

Control Samples

Contagious respiratory tumors of sheep and goats are epithelial neoplasms of the lung and nasal cavities. They are associated with oncogenic betaretroviruses known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor retrovirus of sheep and goats. We investigated the presence of the envelope protein (ENV) of these retroviruses in retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes using a specific monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry methods, single-labeled or combined with ovine B or T lymphocytes or macrophage cell markers. Samples of lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and zinc fixative, were obtained from paraffin-embedded material. Four groups of samples were used: 24 natural cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), 13 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep (ENAS), 19 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats (ENAG), and 14 control samples. ENV was detected by single labeling in cortical lymphoid follicles. Six of 24 OPA samples were positive and only in those from sheep with extensive neoplasia. Immunolabeling was detected in 5/13 ENAS and 10/19 ENAG samples. Positive labeling was found either in the intercellular spaces, membranes, or cytoplasm of cells in follicles. Control samples were not correspondingly labeled. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-labeling of ENV and CD21 (B cells and follicular dendritic cells) in all samples, CD14 (macrophage) in OPA samples, and Pax-5 (B cells) in ENAG samples, but not with CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes). These results demonstrate the presence of betaretrovirus ENV proteins in nontumor cells in regional lymph nodes in sheep and goats with contagious respiratory tumors.

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