scholarly journals Malthus in the Bedroom: Birth Spacing as Birth Control in Pre-Transition England

Demography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cinnirella ◽  
Marc Klemp ◽  
Jacob Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Duration Models ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Abstract We use duration models on a well-known historical data set of more than 15,000 families and 60,000 births in England for the period 1540–1850 to show that the sampled families adjusted the timing of their births in accordance with the economic conditions as well as their stock of dependent children. The effects were larger among the lower socioeconomic ranks. Our findings on the existence of parity-dependent as well as parity-independent birth spacing in England are consistent with the growing evidence that marital birth control was present in pre-transitional populations.

Has tourism driven house prices in Germany? Time-varying evidence since 1870

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110088
Author(s):  
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill ◽  
John Inekwe ◽  
Kris Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Series Modelling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Flows ◽  
Non Parametric

Using a historical data set and recent advances in non-parametric time series modelling, we investigate the nexus between tourism flows and house prices in Germany over nearly 150 years. We use time-varying non-parametric techniques given that historical data tend to exhibit abrupt changes and other forms of non-linearities. Our findings show evidence of a time-varying effect of tourism flows on house prices, although with mixed effects. The pre-World War II time-varying estimates of tourism show both positive and negative effects on house prices. While changes in tourism flows contribute to increasing housing prices over the post-1950 period, this is short-lived, and the effect declines until the mid-1990s. However, we find a positive and significant relationship after 2000, where the impact of tourism on house prices becomes more pronounced in recent years.

scholarly journals Malthus in the Bedroom: Birth Spacing as Birth Control in Pre-Transition England

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cinnirella ◽  
Marc Klemp ◽  
Jacob Louis Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Birth Spacing

scholarly journals Modern analyses on an historical data set: skull morphology of Italian red squirrel populations

ZooKeys ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Amori ◽  
Gaetano Aloise ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Data Set

scholarly journals Proximity tourism and cultural amenities: Evidence from a regional museum card

2019 ◽  
pp. 135481661989023
Author(s):  
Enrico Bertacchini ◽  
Massimiliano Nuccio ◽  
Alessandra Durio
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Cultural Amenities ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Rural Destinations ◽  
The City

Although cultural tourism has generated extensive literature, it has often overlooked proximity tourism practices and the determinants of visits to near-home cultural amenities, often located in rural destinations with lower market appeal. This article investigates visiting behaviors and characteristics of intra-regional flows from urban settings toward museums and heritage sites located in surrounding areas. We use a unique transactional data set of about 76,000 subscribers to a regional museum card in Piedmont (Italy) to analyze visiting patterns in the 2011–2014 period from the city of Turin to out-of-town cultural institutions. Our empirical analysis shows that being male, having lower socioeconomic status, visiting home-based museums, and loyalty to the card program are the most relevant factors explaining propensity to out-of-town visits. At the same time, a clear polarization of visits between a limited number of cultural attractors and the tail of minor heritage sites suggests that differences in museum characteristics can generate distinct motivations for visits to the two types of cultural institutions. From a policy perspective, although a definitive evaluation of the effect of the museum card on proximity tourism cannot be undertaken, findings suggest that bundle of minor attractions and major urban museums can generate indirect network advantages, foster cultivation of taste, and eventually stimulate both the demand for regional destinations and the development of original cultural programs.

Residential property market determinants: evidence from the 2018 Australian market downturn

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Peng Yew Wong ◽  
Woon-Weng Wong ◽  
Kwabena Mintah
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Residential Market ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate and uncover the key determinants revolving around the Australian residential market downturn towards the 2020s. Design/methodology/approach Applying well-established time series econometric methods over a decade of data set provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, Reserve Bank of Australia and Real Capital Analytics, the significant and emerging drivers impacting the Australian residential property market performance are explored. Findings Besides changes in the significant levels of some key traditional market drivers, housing market capital liquidity and cross-border investment fund were found to significantly impact the Australian residential property market between 2017 and 2019. The presence of some major positive economic conditions such as low interest rate, sustainable employment and population growth was perceived inadequate to uplift the Australian residential property market. The Australian housing market has performed negatively during this period mainly due to diminishing capital liquidity, excess housing supplies and retreating foreign investors. Practical implications A better understanding of the leading and emerging determinants of the residential property market will assist the policy makers to make sound decisions and effective policy changes based on the latest development in the Australian housing market. The results also provide a meaningful path for future property investments and investigations that explore country-specific effects through a comparative analysis. Originality/value The housing market determinants examined in this study revolve around the wider economic conditions in Australia that are not new. However, the coalesce analysis on the statistical results and the current housing market trends revealed some distinguishing characteristics and developments towards the 2020s Australian residential property market downturn.

scholarly journals Summarising salient information on historical controls: A structured assessment of validity and comparability across studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
Anthony Hatswell ◽  
Nick Freemantle ◽  
Gianluca Baio ◽  
Emmanuel Lesaffre ◽  
Joost van Rosmalen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background While placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials remain the standard way to evaluate drugs for efficacy, historical data are used extensively across the development cycle. This ranges from supplementing contemporary data to increase the power of trials to cross-trial comparisons in estimating comparative efficacy. In many cases, these approaches are performed without in-depth review of the context of data, which may lead to bias and incorrect conclusions. Methods We discuss the original ‘Pocock’ criteria for the use of historical data and how the use of historical data has evolved over time. Based on these factors and personal experience, we created a series of questions that may be asked of historical data, prior to their use. Based on the answers to these questions, various statistical approaches are recommended. The strategy is illustrated with a case study in colorectal cancer. Results A number of areas need to be considered with historical data, which we split into three categories: outcome measurement, study/patient characteristics (including setting and inclusion/exclusion criteria), and disease process/intervention effects. Each of these areas may introduce issues if not appropriately handled, while some may preclude the use of historical data entirely. We present a tool (in the form of a table) for highlighting any such issues. Application of the tool to a colorectal cancer data set demonstrates under what conditions historical data could be used and what the limitations of such an analysis would be. Conclusion Historical data can be a powerful tool to augment or compare with contemporary trial data, though caution is required. We present some of the issues that may be considered when involving historical data and what (if any) statistical approaches may account for differences between studies. We recommend that, where historical data are to be used in analyses, potential differences between studies are addressed explicitly.

Defusing Technology:Technology Diffusion in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminée Kazanjian ◽  
Kathryn Friesen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Institutional Profile ◽  
Areas Of Interest

AbstractIn order to explore the diffusion of the selected technologies in one Canadian province (British Columbia), two administrative data sets were analyzed. The data included over 40 million payment records for each fiscal year on medical services provided to British Columbia residents (2,968,769 in 1988) and information on physical facilities, services, and personnel from 138 hospitals in the province. Three specific time periods were examined in each data set, starting with 1979–80 and ending with the most current data available at the time. The detailed retrospective analysis of laboratory and imaging technologies provides historical data in three areas of interest: (a) patterns of diffusion and volume of utilization, (b) institutional profile, and (c) provider profile. The framework for the analysis focused, where possible, on the examination of determinants of diffusion that may be amenable to policy influence.

Autarky and the Rise and Fall of Piracy in Ming China

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kai-sing Kung ◽  
Chicheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of rigorous trade suppression during 1550–1567 on the sharp rise of piracy in this period of Ming China. By analyzing a uniquely constructed historical data set, we find that the enforcement of a “sea (trade) ban” policy led to a rise in pirate attacks that was 1.3 times greater among the coastal prefectures more suitable for silk manufactures—our proxy for greater trade potential. Our study illuminates the conflicts in which China subsequently engaged with the Western powers, conflicts that eventually resulted in the forced abandonment of its long upheld autarkic principle.

scholarly journals Political Institutions and Regimes since 1600: A New Historical Data Set

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Rånge ◽  
Mikael Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Nondemocratic Regimes ◽  
Yearly Data

A new data set provides vital information about the world’s political institutions, from 1789 on a monthly and yearly basis and from 1600 on a yearly basis. The yearly data set from 1600 has more than 90,000 country–year observations, and the monthly data set from 1789 more than 600,000 observations—by far the most comprehensive to date, offering several advantages over other available ones. The data set aggregates specific attributes to create nominal and ordinal rankings of political regimes on a scale of 1 to 1,000. In addition to supporting a rigorous classification of democratic and nondemocratic regimes, it allows researchers to trace institutional variations and to explore alternative ways of aggregating political institutions. As a research instrument, the MaxRange data set permits historically minded scholars to address a number of issues related to the dynamics of political institutions in an unprecedented manner.

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